Background: Intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In April 2023, Nigeria passed regulations limiting TFA content in foods, fats, and oils, but the current level of TFA exposure in the Nigerian population is unknown.
Objectives: To quantify trans-fatty acid (TFA) biomarkers in dried blood spots from Nigerian adults in the Federal Capital Territory before policy enforcement, establish baseline levels for future evaluations, assess subgroup variations by demographic and socioeconomic factors, and compare TFA levels with data from 30 countries worldwide.
Methods: We used gas chromatography to measure TFA content in dried blood spots from adults participating in a cross-sectional household survey using a representative sampling frame. Individual TFA (t-16:1, t-18:1, and t- 18:2) and their total were expressed as percentage of total fatty acids. We assessed differences in TFA levels between subgroups based on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education, income, and local government area using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Mean TFA levels were compared with samples from individuals in 30 countries.
Results: In 213 adults (62% females; mean age: 36 y, mean BMI: 25.9 kg/m), the mean TFA level in dried blood spots was 0.61% of total fatty acids (range: 0.23%-1.31%). In multivariable-adjusted models, TFA levels were higher in younger adults {<30 y compared with ≥42 y, 0.07% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.15], P = 0.047}, those without a high school degree [compared with higher education, 0.08% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.16), P = 0.023], and residents of Abuja Municipal Area Council [compared with residents in Gwagwalada, 0.12% (95% CI: 0.05, 0.20), P = 0.001]. Total TFA levels were comparable with international samples, but t-16:1 and t-18:1 appeared lower, whereas t-18:2 appeared greater (52% of all TFA), in the Nigerian samples.
Conclusions: These results provide a baseline assessment of TFA exposure in Nigerian adults to evaluate implementation and effect of national regulation passed in 2023. The observed subgroup differences may help identify subpopulations for targeted interventions to reduce TFA intake.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.019 | DOI Listing |
Endocrine
December 2024
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and hypercalcemia. Although research suggests a potential link between PTH and lipid metabolism, the evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated lipid metabolism and fat distribution in PHPT patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
Traditional object detectors require extensive instance-level annotations for training. Conversely, few-shot object detectors, which are generally fine-tuned using limited data from unknown classes, tend to show biases toward base categories and are susceptible to variations within these unknown samples. To mitigate these challenges, we introduce a Two-Stage Fine-Tuning Approach (TFA) named Extreme R-CNN, designed to operate effectively with extremely limited original samples through the integration of sample synthesis and knowledge distillation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Surg Oncol
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Background: Studies suggest that the obesity paradox in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results from the use of body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity. However, the mechanistic basis linking body fat and lung cancer behavior remains unclear. We examined the association of image-based measures of obesity with tumor gene expression to identify transcriptional signatures concordant with adiposity and their underlying biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Phys Med Rehabil
December 2024
Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Rehabilitation Research & Development Service (RR&D), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
Objective: To examine racial disparities in lower limb prosthesis (LLP) prescription practices between White and Black Veterans across different geographic levels within the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and explore how racial disparities in LLP prescription practices differ by amputation level.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: VHA facilities across the United States.
J Neuroeng Rehabil
November 2024
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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