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Advances in body composition and gender differences in susceptibility to frailty syndrome: Role of osteosarcopenic obesity. | LitMetric

Advances in body composition and gender differences in susceptibility to frailty syndrome: Role of osteosarcopenic obesity.

Metabolism

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • An improper diet is widely recognized as harmful to health, and nutrition plays a key role in preventing non-communicable diseases, yet the significance of body composition research remains underappreciated.
  • The phenomenon of "osteosarcopenic obesity" particularly affects postmenopausal women and is linked to higher rates of frailty, driven by hormonal changes and the interplay of fat, muscle, and bone.
  • Emphasizing the need for personalized nutritional strategies, the text argues for a gender-specific approach to nutrition that targets visceral fat, enhances protein intake, and optimizes vitamin D levels to combat frailty syndrome effectively.

Article Abstract

There is general consensus that an improper diet negatively impacts health and that nutrition is a primary tool for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Unfortunately, the importance of studying body composition, which can reveal early predictors of gender-related diseases, is still not well understood in this context. Currently, individuals are still classified as obese based solely on their body mass index, without considering the amount of fat, its distribution, and the quantity of muscle and bone mass. In this regard, the body composition phenotype defined as "osteosarcopenic obesity" affects approximately 6-41 % of postmenopausal women, with prevalence increasing with age due to the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur during this period. This particular phenotype arises from the strong relationship between visceral fat, muscle, bone, and gut microbiota and predispose postmenopausal women to frailty. Frailty is a complex clinical phenomenon with significant care and economic implications for our society. Recent studies suggest that women have a higher prevalence of frailty syndrome and its individual components, such as osteoporosis, fractures and sarcopenia, compared to men. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances regarding the impact of gender on body composition and frailty. Furthermore, we reflect on the crucial importance of personalized nutritional interventions, with a focus on reducing visceral fat, increasing protein intake and optimizing vitamin D levels. A review of the scientific literature on this topic highlights the importance of studying body composition for a personalized and gender-specific approach to nutrition and dietetics, in order to identify frailty syndrome early and establish personalized treatments. This new method of researching disease predictors could likely help clarify the controversial results of studies on vitamin D, calcium and proteins, translate into practical wellness promotion across diverse elderly populations.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156052DOI Listing

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