SARS-CoV-2 spike-based virus-like particles incorporate influenza H1/N1 antigens and induce dual immunity in mice.

Vaccine

Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.. Electronic address:

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • - A new vaccine that targets both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A could help reduce public health issues and complications from co-infections, potentially offering a cost-effective solution.
  • - Researchers successfully integrated influenza A's surface proteins (H1 and N1) into virus-like particles (VLPs) generated from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in CHO cells, demonstrating efficient co-incorporation of antigens.
  • - Tests in mice showed that two doses of these experimental VLPs stimulated a strong immune response, indicating their potential as a combined vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses.

Article Abstract

A vaccine effective against both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (IAV) viruses could represent a cost-effective strategy to reduce their combined public health burden as well as potential complications arising from co-infection. Based on previous findings that full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) expression can induce high-level, enveloped VLP (eVLP) production in CHO cells, we tested whether IAV H1N1 hemagglutinin (H1) and neuraminidase (N1) could also be displayed on these particles. We found that co-incorporation of the IAV surface antigens in spike VLPs (S-VLPs) was highly efficient: upon transient co-expression of S + H1 or S + H1 + N1 in CHO cells, the resulting VLPs contained similar amounts of the SARS-CoV-2 S and IAV antigens. The self-assembled bivalent (S/H1) and trivalent (S/H1/N1) VLPs released into the culture media were purified by single-step chromatography using a S-VLP affinity resin. Western blot analysis and immuno‑gold labeling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of purified VLPs confirmed the coexistence of S, H1 and N1 antigens in the same particles. Finally, we demonstrated that two doses of adjuvanted bivalent and trivalent VLPs elicit specific functional antibodies and cellular immunity in a mouse model, suggesting potential for combined SARS-CoV-2/IAV vaccine development.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126463DOI Listing

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