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β-Defensin gene copy number variation in cattle. | LitMetric

β-Defensin gene copy number variation in cattle.

R Soc Open Sci

Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • β-Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that also play roles in immune response and fertility, influencing sperm maturation and function.
  • This study catalogs 55 β-defensin genes in cattle, highlighting extensive copy number variation (CNV) across breeds and identifying 1:1 human orthologues for 35 bovine β-defensins.
  • Research findings reveal that 14 β-defensins increase in expression during testis maturation, suggesting that CNV in these genes may have significant implications for reproductive traits in cattle.

Article Abstract

β-Defensins are peptides with antimicrobial roles, characterized by a conserved tertiary structure. Beyond antimicrobial functions, they exhibit diverse roles in both the immune response and fertility, including involvement in sperm maturation and function. Copy number variation (CNV) of β-defensin genes is extensive across mammals, including cattle, with possible implications for reproductive traits and disease resistance. In this study, we comprehensively catalogue 55 β-defensin genes in cattle. By constructing a phylogenetic tree to identify human orthologues and lineage-specific expansions, we identify 1 : 1 human orthologues for 35 bovine β-defensins. We also discover extensive β-defensin gene CNV across breeds, with in particular, showing extensive multi-allelic CNV. By comparing β-defensin expression levels in testis from calves and adult bulls, we find that 14 β-defensins, including , increase in expression during sexual maturation. Analysis of β-defensin gene expression levels in the caput of adult bull epididymis, and β-defensin gene copy number, in 94 matched samples shows expression levels of four β-defensins are correlated with genomic copy numbers, including . We therefore demonstrate extensive CNV in bovine β-defensin genes, in particular , with potential functional consequences for fertility.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521603PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241154DOI Listing

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