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Single phage proteins sequester signals from TIR and cGAS-like enzymes. | LitMetric

Single phage proteins sequester signals from TIR and cGAS-like enzymes.

Nature

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Prokaryotic organisms have immune systems that produce signaling molecules to counteract phage infections, but the mechanisms phages use to overcome these defenses are not well understood.
  • Researchers discovered that two Thoeris anti-defence proteins, Tad1 and Tad2, can effectively inhibit phage immune responses by binding to and sequestering various cyclic signaling molecules.
  • Both Tad1 and Tad2 possess multiple binding sites for different cyclic nucleotides, demonstrating a versatile strategy to neutralize the host's anti-phage signaling and establishing a new understanding of phage adaptation mechanisms.

Article Abstract

Prokaryotic anti-phage immune systems use TIR and cGAS-like enzymes to produce 1''-3'-glycocyclic ADP-ribose (1''-3'-gcADPR) and cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and cyclic trinucleotide (CTN) signalling molecules, respectively, which limit phage replication. However, how phages neutralize these distinct and common systems is largely unclear. Here we show that the Thoeris anti-defence proteins Tad1 and Tad2 both achieve anti-cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling system (anti-CBASS) activity by simultaneously sequestering CBASS cyclic oligonucleotides. Apart from binding to the Thoeris signals 1''-3'-gcADPR and 1''-2'-gcADPR, Tad1 also binds to numerous CBASS CDNs and CTNs with high affinity, inhibiting CBASS systems that use these molecules in vivo and in vitro. The hexameric Tad1 has six binding sites for CDNs or gcADPR, which are independent of the two high-affinity binding sites for CTNs. Tad2 forms a tetramer that also sequesters various CDNs in addition to gcADPR molecules, using distinct binding sites to simultaneously bind to these signals. Thus, Tad1 and Tad2 are both two-pronged inhibitors that, alongside anti-CBASS protein 2 (Acb2), establish a paradigm of phage proteins that use distinct binding sites to flexibly sequester a considerable breadth of cyclic nucleotides.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08122-4DOI Listing

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