Emergence and genomic epidemiology of tigecycline resistant bacteria of fly origin across urban and rural China.

Environ Int

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study focuses on the prevalence and transferability of two tigecycline resistance genes (tet(X) and tmexCD-toprJ) in flies, which are key carriers of antimicrobial resistance.
  • A total of 52 bacterial isolates were collected, with 76.9% testing positive for tet(X) and 23.1% for tmexCD-toprJ, showing a higher prevalence of tet(X) in rural areas compared to urban areas.
  • The research highlights that many of these resistant strains are multi-drug resistant and provides insights into the genetic mechanisms behind this resistance, which could help in developing strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Article Abstract

Plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance genes, notably the tet(X) and tmexCD-toprJ genes, have garnered considerable attention due to their transferability. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and resistance mechanisms associated with tet(X) and tmexCD-toprJ in flies, which are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. A total of 52 tigecycline resistant bacterial isolates were collected, among which 40 (76.9 %) and 12 (23.1 %) were positive for tet(X) and tmexCD-toprJ, respectively. Tigecycline resistant bacteria were isolated from diverse geographical locations in China, with tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli and tmexCD1-toprJ1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae dominant among the isolates. The prevalence of tet(X) in rural area was significantly higher than that in urban area (2.7 % vs. 0.3 %; P < 0.001), while the prevalence of tmexCD1-toprJ1 shows no significant difference between urban and rural areas (0.2 % vs. 0.6 %; P > 0.05). Most tet(X)-positive strains (n = 40, 100.0 %), and 11(91.7 %) of the tmexCD1-toprJ1-positive strains exhibited multi-drug resistance. The IncFIB(Mar)/IncHI1B hybrid plasmid carrying tmexCD1-toprJ1 was identified by whole-genome sequencing analysis, which dominated the transmission of tmexCD1-toprJ1 in K. pneumoniae. Genetic context analysis showed that tmexCD1-toprJ1 was related locally to IS26, and IS26 may exacerbate the spread of tmexCD1-toprJ1 in different bacteria. In addition, the genetic structure of tmexCD1-toprJ1 also contains several antimicrobial resistance genes, including aph(3')-Ic, sul1, bla, bla, etc., conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and carbapenems. This study provides insights into the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of tigecycline resistance genes, informing targeted intervention strategies to mitigate antimicrobial resistance dissemination.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109099DOI Listing

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