Ten-Year Follow-Up After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To examine clinical results up to 10 years after Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) and Triple-DMEK.

Methods: Prospective study including 201 eyes, of which 54 eyes [38 DMEKs and 16 Triple-DMEKs; Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (n = 45), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 9)] reached the minimum follow-up of 5 years and were followed up for up to 10 years. We evaluated best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), endothelial cell density (ECD, cells/mm2), minimal central corneal thickness (CCT, μm), central retinal thickness (μm), rebubbling, graft survival and re-DMEK rate, chamber angle alterations, and incidence of glaucoma.

Results: Fifty-four eyes had a 5-year and 37 eyes an 8- to 10-year follow-up. Mean follow-up was 94.4 ± 12.1 months. Best-corrected visual acuity increased from 0.6 ± 0.3 logMAR to 0.1 ± 0.2 logMAR at 6 months (P ≤ 0.001) and was 539 ± 54 μm at long term. Endothelial cell density decreased from 2488 ± 320.9 (donor) to 980.1 ± 437 cells/mm2 with an average ECD loss/year of 4% and did not correlate with BCVA. Central corneal thickness decreased from 596.9 ± 82.2 μm to 498.6 ± 24.3 μm at 12 months (P ≤ 0.001) and remained stable (P = 1.000). Mean rebubbling rate was 0.3 ± 0.5/eye and did not correlate with BCVA. Eight eyes (14.8%) received at least 1 rebubbling. Primary graft failure/rejection rate was 1.5%/0% within the first postoperative year, and secondary graft failure rate was 12.4% at 7 years. Eight eyes (preoperative n = 3, de novo n = 5) had open-angle glaucoma without chamber angle changes (14.8%, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions: Although ECD decreases continuously in the long-term follow-up, excellent visual acuity can be preserved 10 years after DMEK and Triple-DMEK. The final outcome can be estimated 6 months after surgery.