Self-Propelled Tubular Micromotors Powered by Hydrogen Bubbles under Mild Conditions: A Major Step toward Biological Applications with Live Cells.

Polymer-based tubular micromotors, featuring an inner layer of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs), exhibit vigorous propulsion by emitting H bubbles in an aqueous ammonia borane (NHBH) solution. The hydrolysis of NHBH on the PtNPs facilitates the continuous release of H gas from the open-end terminus, driving its forward movement. Unlike conventional O bubbles' systems that rely on hydrogen peroxide (HO) as fuel, these micromotors can operate in the presence of live cells within the NHBH medium. Consequently, micromotors functionalized with the lectin concanavalin A demonstrate the capability to capture and release () without inducing cell death. Remaining bacteria can be detected by using standard culture techniques. Conversely, micromotors coated with TiO nanoparticles enable photosterilization of without fuel-induced damage. The self-stirring motion of the tubes enhances both bacterial capture and sterilization efficiency. These advancements obviate the necessity for HO as a fuel source, and pave the way for the applications of micromotors in biological contexts.