AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the combined effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on pregnancy outcomes, aiming to determine if the combination increases risks compared to having either condition alone.
- Using data from over 281,000 women who gave birth in Sweden from 1997 to 2015, the researchers analyzed various maternal and neonatal complications through logistic regression.
- The findings indicate that having GDM presents a higher risk for adverse outcomes than PCOS alone, and there was no significant interaction between the two conditions suggesting that PCOS does not increase the risk beyond GDM alone.
Article Abstract
Introduction: It is well known that both women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known whether the combination of these two conditions exacerbates the risks. We explored risk estimates for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with either PCOS or GDM and the combination of both PCOS and GDM.
Material And Methods: Nationwide register-based historical cohort study in Sweden including women who gave birth to singleton infants during 1997-2015 (N = 281 806). The risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes were estimated for women exposed for PCOS-only (n = 40 272), GDM-only (n = 2236), both PCOS and GDM (n = 1036) using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Risks were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for maternal characteristics, including maternal BMI. Women with neither PCOS nor GDM served as control group. Maternal outcomes were gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and obstetric anal sphincter injury. Neonatal outcomes were preterm birth, stillbirth, shoulder dystocia, born small or large for gestational age, macrosomia, low Apgar score, infant birth trauma, cerebral impact of the infant, neonatal hypoglycemia, meconium aspiration syndrome and respiratory distress.
Results: Based on non-significant PCOS by GDM interaction analyses, we found no evidence that having PCOS adds any extra risk beyond that of having GDM for maternal and neonatal outcomes. For example, the adjusted odds ratio for preeclampsia in women with PCOS-only were 1.18 (95% CI 1.11-1.26), for GDM-only 1.77 (95% CI 1.45-2.15), and for women with PCOS and GDM 1.86 (95% CI 1.46-2.36). Corresponding adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth in women with PCOS-only were 1.34 (95% CI 1.28-1.41), GDM-only 1.64 (95% CI 1.39-1.93), and for women with PCOS and GDM 2.08 (95% CI 1.67-2.58). Women with PCOS had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with the control group (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29-1.80), whereas no increased risk was noted in women with GDM (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.24-1.39).
Conclusions: The combination of PCOS and GDM adds no extra risk beyond that of having GDM alone, for a number of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nevertheless, PCOS is still an unrecognized risk factor in pregnancy, exemplified by the increased risk of stillbirth.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683559 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14998 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Is metformin safe in pregnancy: a focus on offspring outcomes.
Expert Opin Drug Saf
January 2025
Theodore E. Woodward Professor of Medicine, Chairman, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Physician-in-Chief, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Metformin has been a staple in treating type 2 diabetes for years and is also used off-label for conditions like gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome due to its insulin-sensitizing properties.
- In 2022, it became the only oral medication approved by the European Union for managing diabetes during pregnancy, showing safety and benefits for mothers while crossing the placenta to the baby.
- Benefits for mothers include reduced weight gain and lower risk of pre-eclampsia; however, long-term effects on their children are still uncertain, necessitating further research on potential concerns like small-for-gestational-age (SGA) outcomes.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus association to pregnancy outcomes: A national register-based cohort study.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
January 2025
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the combined effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on pregnancy outcomes, aiming to determine if the combination increases risks compared to having either condition alone.
- Using data from over 281,000 women who gave birth in Sweden from 1997 to 2015, the researchers analyzed various maternal and neonatal complications through logistic regression.
- The findings indicate that having GDM presents a higher risk for adverse outcomes than PCOS alone, and there was no significant interaction between the two conditions suggesting that PCOS does not increase the risk beyond GDM alone.
GnRH agonist pretreatment for frozen embryo transfer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrow systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol
October 2024
Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is commonly used for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during IVF, but there's no clear agreement on the best way to prepare the endometrium for this process.
- The study aimed to investigate if using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment before FET could lead to better clinical outcomes for women with PCOS.
- After reviewing multiple studies, only three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 709 participants met the criteria, and the results showed no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, or live birth rates between the GnRH-a treatment group and the control group receiving an artificial cycle.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.
Int J Gen Med
September 2024
Department of Obstetrics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with incidence is on the rise. There are inconsistent results on the risks of GDM and it has not been reported in our region. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of GDM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Risk Factors and First Gestational 75 g OGTT May Predict Recurrent and New-Onset Gestational Diabetes in Multiparous Women.
J Clin Med
September 2024
Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Women who had gestational diabetes (GDM) in their first pregnancy are likely to have it again in their next, but even those without previous GDM can develop it later.
- A study involving 759 women examined their GDM history in two pregnancies and categorized them based on their glucose tolerance status.
- Key predictors for developing GDM included family history, pregravid obesity, and specific glucose levels during the first OGTT, highlighting that higher glucose levels in the first pregnancy significantly raise the risk of GDM in subsequent pregnancies.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!