Objective: Discrimination exposure has a detrimental impact on mental health, increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The impact discrimination exposure has on mental health is likely mediated by neural processes associated with emotion expression and regulation. However, the specific neural processes that mediate the relationship between discrimination exposure and mental health remain to be determined. The present study investigated the relationship adolescent discrimination exposure has with stress-elicited brain activity and mental health symptoms in young adulthood.
Methods: A total of 301 participants completed the Montreal Imaging Stress Task while functional MRI data were collected. Discrimination exposure was measured four times from ages 11 to 19, and stress-elicited brain activity and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress) were assessed in young adulthood (age 20).
Results: Stress-elicited dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and hippocampal activity varied with discrimination exposure. Activity within these brain regions varied with the cumulative amount and trajectory of discrimination exposure across adolescence (initial exposure, change in exposure, and acceleration of exposure). Depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms varied with discrimination exposure. Stress-elicited activity within the dorsolateral PFC and the IPL statistically mediated the relationship between discrimination exposure and psychological distress.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that adolescent discrimination exposure may alter the neural response to future stressors (i.e., within regions associated with emotion expression and regulation), which may in turn modify susceptibility and resilience to psychological distress. Thus, differences in stress-elicited neural reactivity may represent an important neurobiological mechanism underlying discrimination-related mental health disparities.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20220884 | DOI Listing |
Community Ment Health J
December 2024
Lab of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
Mentally ill offenders face stigma, being perceived as both dangerous and unpredictable. This leads to social discrimination, which causes devaluation, distancing, and unequal treatment towards them. Critical and dismissive attitudes of healthcare professionals and police toward these patients undermine their care, treatment, and prospects for rehabilitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol Res
December 2024
Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Purpose: Most research on the structural determinants of substance use and mental health has centered around widely studied factors such as alcohol taxes, tobacco control policies, essential/precursor chemical regulations, neighborhood/city characteristics, and immigration policies. Other structural determinants exist, however, many of which are being identified in the emerging fields of structural stigma, structural racism, and structural sexism. This narrative review surveys the measures and designs used in substance use and mental health studies from these three fields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Sport
February 2025
Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Coinciding with athlete mothers' stories gaining media visibility, sport media researchers are studying media discourses to learn more about socially constructed motherhood and sport. The present study extends media research on elite athlete mothers, by using feminist narrative inquiry to interrogate discrimination meanings in sport. North American sport media stories were collected on Canadian athletes' (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: While considerable data on the alcohol drinking behavior of the general population are available for the United States and Europe, data from Asian countries are scarce. We attempted to estimate the social backgrounds and other factors associated with high Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in Japan.
Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in 2023.
J Clin Nurs
December 2024
School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Aim: To investigate the risk factors associated with frailty in older patients with ischaemic stroke, develop a nomogram and apply it clinically.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: Altogether, 567 patients who experienced ischaemic strokes between March and December 2023 were temporally divided into training (n = 452) and validation (n = 115) sets and dichotomised into frail and non-frail groups using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator scale.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!