This review, focused on hybrid drugs, is the third in a series of reviews, where the first two reviews dealt with a) dimeric drugs, b) mutual prodrugs - codrugs. The compounds designated as hybrids are comprised of two (and sometimes three) biologically active entities, linked by metabolically stable bridges. In some cases, one of the two components of the hybrids serves as a carrier for the second component, and most frequently, the components elicit their individual biological properties, which are commonly synergistic or complementary. Due to the very large number of publications dealing with hybrid drugs, the present review is restricted to hybrids acting in the central nervous system. Future reviews will cover fields such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral hybrids, and cardiovascular active hybrids. The selected articles reviewed herein were published between the years 2000-2022 with partial coverage of the year 2023.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0109298673305662240702071354 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Emotional Stress in Cardiac and Vascular Diseases.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Ippokrateio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Introduction/objective: Emotional, mental, or psychological distress, defined as increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress, is common in patients with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD).
Methods: Literature was reviewed regarding data from studies and meta-analyses examining the impact of emotional stress on the occurrence and outcome of several CVDs (coronary disease, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, stroke). These influences' pathophysiology and clinical spectrum are detailed, tabulated, and pictorially illustrated.
Exosomes and non-coding RNAs: bridging the gap in Alzheimer's pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Metab Brain Dis
January 2025
Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the elderly population and is the leading cause of dementia. Meanwhile, the vascular hypothesis suggests that vascular damage occurs in the early stages of the disease, leading to neurodegeneration and hindered waste clearance, which in turn triggers a series of events including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and Tau protein tangles. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been found to be involved in the regulation of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel therapeutic approaches targeting 5-HT7 receptors outside the central nervous system.
J Recept Signal Transduct Res
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter found throughout the human body that regulates many physiological events arising from the brain and central nervous system (CNS), such as sleep and appetite. However, it has many other functions in systems outside. In addition to the routine expression of 5-HT7 receptors in CNS regions, such as the pituitary gland, spinal cord, and hippocampus, many studies have reported the expression of these receptors in pathological conditions outside.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Ther Apher Dial
January 2025
Department of Nephrology, The Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Sinopharm Gezhouba Central Hospital, Yichang, China.
Introduction: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has shown potential in neurological, autoimmune, and cardiovascular disorders, but its effects on HD patients remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tVNS in HD patients.
Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial on patients receiving HD ≥6 months.
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a postoperative complication of the central nervous system, especially in elderly patients. Growing evidence shows a close relationship between the kidney and cognition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the subsequent risk of POCD and indicators related to the kidney.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!