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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0539a | DOI Listing |
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Distinct Behavioural and Brain Response Profiles Between Arithmetic Word Problem Solving and Sentence Comprehension in Third and Fourth Graders.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Word problems are essential for math learning and education, bridging numerical knowledge with real-world applications. Despite their importance, the neural mechanisms underlying word problem solving, especially in children, remain poorly understood. Here, we examine children's cognitive and brain response profiles for arithmetic word problems (AWPs), which involve one-step mathematical operations, and compare them with nonarithmetic word problems (NWPs), structured as parallel narratives without numerical operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociations Between Ambient PM and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Persons in Puerto Rico.
Toxics
January 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Introduction: This study investigates associations between fine particulate air pollution (PM) exposure and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy in Puerto Rican individuals, a vulnerable population facing socioeconomic and environmental disparities.
Methods: This research draws on data from the PROTECT cohort study and involves 1040 participants to measure the effect of PM on developmentally important thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4, and FT4). Pollution concentrations were linked to participant locations using EPA air quality data and analyzed across two visits during gestational weeks 16-20 and 24-28.
The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Background/objectives: COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe disease, but unequal distribution, especially in low- and middle-income countries, has led to vaccine-resistant strains. This highlights the urgent need for alternative vaccine platforms that are safe, thermostable, and easy to distribute. This study evaluates the immunogenicity, stability, and scalability of a dissolved microneedle array patch (MAP) delivering the rS1RS09 subunit vaccine, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 S1 monomer and RS09, a TLR-4 agonist peptide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunogenicity of HIV-1 mRNA and VLP mRNA Vaccines in Mice.
Vaccines (Basel)
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National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China.
Background: The development of a protective vaccine is critical for conclusively ending the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic.
Methods: We constructed nucleotide-modified mRNA vaccines expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag proteins. Env-gag virus-like particles (VLPs) were generated through co-transfection with env and gag mRNA vaccines.
T4 Phage Displaying Dual Antigen Clusters Against H3N2 Influenza Virus Infection.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Background: The current H3N2 influenza subunit vaccine exhibits weak immunogenicity, which limits its effectiveness in preventing and controlling influenza virus infections.
Methods: In this study, we aimed to develop a T4 phage-based nanovaccine designed to enhance the immunogenicity of two antigens by displaying the HA1 and M2e antigens of the H3N2 influenza virus on each phage nanoparticle. Specifically, we fused the Soc protein with the HA1 antigen and the Hoc protein with the M2e antigen, assembling them onto a T4 phage that lacks Soc and Hoc proteins (SocHocT4), thereby constructing a nanovaccine that concurrently presents both HA1 and M2e antigens.
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