We analyze a stochastic optimal control problem for the PReP vaccine in a model for the spread of HIV. To do so, we use a stochastic model for HIV/AIDS with PReP, where we include jumps in the model. This generalizes previous works in the field. First, we prove that there exists a positive, unique, global solution to the system of stochastic differential equations which makes up the model. Further, we introduce a stochastic control problem for dynamically choosing an optimal percentage of the population to receive PReP. By using the stochastic maximum principle, we derive an explicit expression for the stochastic optimal control. Furthermore, via a generalized Lagrange multiplier method in combination with the stochastic maximum principle, we study two types of budget constraints. We illustrate the results by numerical examples, both in the fixed control case and in the stochastic control case.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-024-02151-3 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Electronic Information and Physics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
Accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels from retinal images is crucial for detecting and diagnosing a wide range of ophthalmic diseases. Our retinal blood vessel segmentation algorithm enhances microfine vessel extraction, improves edge texture clarity, and normalizes vessel distribution. It stabilizes neural network training for complex retinal vascular features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Med Biol
January 2025
Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, 1105 AZ, NETHERLANDS.
Conventional temperature optimisation in Hyperthermia Treatment Planning aims to maximise tumour temperature (e.g., T90; the temperature reached in at least 90% of the tumour) while enforcing hard constraints on normal tissue temperature (max(Ttissue)≤45°C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
This research chooses Pakistan as an ideal case to explore the connection between economic expansion and carbon emissions, by incorporating a novel approach of using coupled stochastic equations to estimate this dynamic interaction.The GDP (Gross domestic product) in Pakistan has been ascending over the time of 1960-2023, with short episodes of stagnation (mid 80s) and decline (1973, 2009). Since 2010, the growth rate has been rising annually, reaching 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Mathematics & Statistic, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China.
Against the backdrop of an aging population, community pension initiatives are gaining traction, permeating societal landscapes. This study delves into the equilibrium strategy within the context of a defined benefit pension plan, employing a differential game framework with a community pension model. Hence, the model entails the company's controls over investment rates in funds, juxtaposed with employees' inclination towards a greater proportion of community pension allocation in said funds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) must navigate through a dense extracellular mucus to infect airway epithelial cells. The mucous layer, composed of glycosylated biopolymers (mucins), presents sialic acid that binds to ligands on the viral envelope and can be irreversibly cleaved by viral enzymes. It was recently discovered that filamentous IAVs exhibit directed persistent motion along their long axis on sialic acid-coated surfaces.
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