Exploring the Relationship Between NOD2 Risk Variants and First Decompensation Events in Cirrhotic Patients With Varices.

Background And Aims: NOD2 mutations are associated with impaired gut mucosal barrier function. According to the systemic inflammation hypothesis, bacterial translocation is central in the development of decompensation. The aim was to evaluate whether the presence of NOD2 variants is associated with the development of first decompensation.

Method: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis, who were screened between 2014 and 2018. Patients with and without NOD2 variants were compared and stratified analysis according to the presence of varices was performed.

Results: 360 patients [239 (66%) men, median age 61 (53-69) years, 70 (19%) with NOD2 variants, 90 (25%) with varices] were followed for a median of 9 (4-16) months. Similar baseline characteristics were observed across NOD2 status groups, except for beta-blocker use (45% vs. 32% amongst variant carriers vs. non-carriers, p = 0.05). During follow-up, 34 patients (12%) developed their first decompensation, with no differences according to NOD2 status [HR 1.75 (95% CI 0.84-3.67)]. On multivariate analysis, only MELD remained an independent predictor of decompensation. Amongst patients with varices (n = 90), 18 (24.4%) carried a NOD2 variants, with a higher incidence of first decompensation [HR 3.00 (95% CI 1.08-8.32)], primarily due to ascites [HR 3.32 (95% CI 1.07-10.32)]. In this subgroup, MELD [HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.06-1.32)] and NOD2 variants [HR 2.91 (95% CI 0.95-8.89)] were determined to be independent predictors of decompensation.

Conclusions: The presence of NOD2 risk variants leads to a greater incidence of first decompensation only in compensated patients with varices.