Background: Fertilization practices control bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum by shaping the soil microbiome. This microbiome is the start of food webs, in which nematodes act as major microbiome predators. However, the multitrophic links between nematodes and the performance of R. solanacearum and plant health, and how these links are affected by fertilization practices, remain unknown.
Results: Here, we performed a field experiment under no-, chemical-, and bio-organic-fertilization regimes to investigate the potential role of nematodes in suppressing tomato bacterial wilt. We found that bio-organic fertilizers changed nematode community composition and increased abundances of bacterivorous nematodes (e.g., Protorhabditis spp.). We also observed that pathogen-antagonistic bacteria, such as Bacillus spp., positively correlated with abundances of bacterivorous nematodes. In subsequent laboratory and greenhouse experiments, we demonstrated that bacterivorous nematodes preferentially preyed on non-pathogen-antagonistic bacteria over Bacillus. These changes increased the performance of pathogen-antagonistic bacteria that subsequently suppressed R. solanacearum.
Conclusions: Overall, bacterivorous nematodes can reduce the abundance of plant pathogens, which might provide a novel protection strategy to promote plant health. Video Abstract.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01947-1 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
December 2024
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Soil-transmitted parasitic nematodes infect over 1 billion people worldwide and are a common source of neglected disease. Strongyloides stercoralis is a potentially fatal skin-penetrating human parasite that is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The complex life cycle of Strongyloides species is unique among human-parasitic nematodes in that it includes a single free-living generation featuring soil-dwelling, bacterivorous adults whose progeny all develop into infective larvae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHelminthologia
September 2024
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, H-1033, Miklós tér 1., Budapest, Hungary.
A 25-year-old intensive monoculture of cucumber ( 'Monolit F1') has been chosen for monitoring the effect of continuous fertilization, drip irrigation and various soil disinfection on free-living nematodes in soil. Densities, relative abundance of nematode genera, trophic groups and c-p classes, in addition, numerous nematological indices were determined besides certain soil properties. Concerning the nematological indices, all the values proved a stressed, depleted and unstable environment with degraded food web condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiol
November 2024
Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
Bacterivorous nematodes are important grazers in the soil micro-food web. Their trophic regulation shapes the composition and ecosystem services of the soil microbiome, but the underlying population dynamics of bacteria and archaea are poorly understood. We followed soil respiration and 221 dominant bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) in response to top-down control by a common bacterivorous soil nematode, Acrobeloides buetschlii, bottom-up control by maize litter amendment and their combination over 32 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEMS Microbiol Ecol
November 2024
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Front Plant Sci
October 2024
College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
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