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Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case-control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study examined if antibiotic exposure increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes, using data from Swedish and Norwegian case-control studies with a sizeable participant pool.
  • - Results showed no significant increase in LADA risk from broad-spectrum antibiotics within a decade, but a potential link was observed with narrow-spectrum antibiotics used 6-10 years before diagnosis.
  • - Overall, the findings suggest that while broad-spectrum antibiotics don't elevate LADA risk, further research is needed to explore the relationship with narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Article Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Some studies find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children exposed to antibiotics. We investigated if exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We used data from a Swedish case-control study (Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes [ESTRID]: LADA, n=597; type 2 diabetes, n=2065; control participants matched on participation time, n=2386) and a case-control study nested within the Norwegian Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) (n=82/1279/2050). Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes indicating antibiotic dispensations were retrieved from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and Norwegian Prescription Database. Multivariable adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were estimated by conditional logistic regression and pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting.

Results: We observed no increased risk of LADA with exposure to antibiotics up to 1 year (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.93, 1.41) or 1-5 years (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80, 1.20) prior to diagnosis/matching for one or more vs no dispensation of any type of antibiotic. An increased risk was observed for one or more vs no dispensations of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, but not broad-spectrum antibiotics, 6-10 years prior to LADA diagnosis (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91), which was driven by the Swedish data. There was little evidence of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with antibiotic exposure 1-10 years prior to diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation: We found no evidence that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics up to 10 years prior to diagnosis increases the risk of LADA. There was some indication of increased LADA risk with exposure to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which warrants further investigation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06302-5DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663149PMC

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