Irisin is a myokine that is cleaved from 5-domain type III fibronectin (FNDC5), and is known for its metabolic functions as it stimulates browning of white adipose tissue; similarly, effects on the central nervous system have been described, specifically in neurodevelopmental and neuroprotection processes. The purpose of this review is to describe recent information on the effects of irisin on neuroinflammation to contribute to the knowledge about the mechanisms by which irisin and exercise could generate benefits for some neurological diseases. The review conducted found several studies describing the effect of irisin on pathways such as STAT3, p38, cAMP/PKA/CREB, as well as effects on GFAP protein expression or apoptosis processes in both in vitro and in vivo models; likewise, these pathways are associated with better BDNF expression. Despite increasing information on this topic, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanisms by which irisin has effects on neuroinflammation and this could represent an opportunity to generate more treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Diabetes Mellitus.
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Irisin reprograms microglia through activation of STAT6 and prevents cognitive dysfunction after surgery in mice.
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Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou 225316, China. Electronic address:
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common in the aged population and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Irisin, an endogenous molecule that mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, has shown neuroprotective potential in several models of neurological diseases. Here we show that preoperative serum level of irisin is reduced in dementia patients over the age of 70.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIrisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
Molecules
November 2024
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Neuroinflammation involves immune responses, especially by microglia, which can activate in two ways: M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory).
- Irisin, a muscle-released peptide, affects microglial cells and may offer neuroprotective benefits by influencing the NLRP3 inflammasome after exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Corrigendum to "Irisin and neuroinflammation: Challenges and opportunities" [Experimental and Molecular Pathology 140 (2024) 104941].
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Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Irisin and neuroinflammation: Challenges and opportunities.
Exp Mol Pathol
December 2024
Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Irisin is a myokine that is cleaved from 5-domain type III fibronectin (FNDC5), and is known for its metabolic functions as it stimulates browning of white adipose tissue; similarly, effects on the central nervous system have been described, specifically in neurodevelopmental and neuroprotection processes. The purpose of this review is to describe recent information on the effects of irisin on neuroinflammation to contribute to the knowledge about the mechanisms by which irisin and exercise could generate benefits for some neurological diseases. The review conducted found several studies describing the effect of irisin on pathways such as STAT3, p38, cAMP/PKA/CREB, as well as effects on GFAP protein expression or apoptosis processes in both in vitro and in vivo models; likewise, these pathways are associated with better BDNF expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExercise Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis in T2DM Mice via Irisin/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB-Mediated Neuroinflammation Pathway.
Biology (Basel)
October 2024
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
Article Synopsis
- * A ten-week exercise program in T2DM mice reduced inflammation and improved memory and neurogenesis, with beneficial effects linked to increased irisin levels and decreased pro-inflammatory markers.
- * Blocking irisin receptor signaling reversed the positive effects of exercise, indicating that the irisin/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in mediating exercise benefits for cognitive decline in diabetes.
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