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Cell binding tropism of rat hepatitis E virus is a pivotal determinant of its zoonotic transmission to humans. | LitMetric

Cell binding tropism of rat hepatitis E virus is a pivotal determinant of its zoonotic transmission to humans.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.

Published: November 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was traditionally thought to only come from the HEV-A genus, but increased rat HEV cases in humans since 2018 challenge this view and raise health concerns.
  • Research shows rat HEV can efficiently bind and enter human liver and intestinal cells, while ferret, bat, and avian HEV show much less interaction.
  • The study reveals that the surface spike of rat HEV is key for its cell binding, and prior HEV-A infections or vaccinations can offer partial protection against rat HEV, highlighting the need for better diagnostic and vaccine strategies for zoonotic HEV.

Article Abstract

Classically, all hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants causing human infection belong to the genus (HEV-A). However, the increasing cases of rat HEV infection in humans since 2018 challenged this dogma, posing increasing health threats. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanisms dictating the zoonotic potentials of different HEV species and their possible cross-protection relationships. We found that rat HEV virus-like particles (HEV) bound to human liver and intestinal cells/tissues with high efficiency. Moreover, rat HEV and infectious rat HEV particles penetrated the cell membrane and entered human target cells postbinding. In contrast, ferret HEV showed marginal cell binding and entry ability, bat HEV and avian HEV exhibited no binding and entry potency. Structure-based three-dimensional mapping identified that the surface spike domain of rat HEV is crucial for cell binding. Antigenic cartography indicated that rat HEV exhibited partial cross-reaction with HEV-A. Intriguingly, sera of HEV-A infected patients or human HEV vaccine Hecolin® immunized individuals provided partial cross-protection against the binding of rat HEV to human target cells. In summary, the interactions between the viral capsid and cellular receptor(s) regulate the distinct zoonotic potentials of different HEV species. The systematic characterization of antigenic cartography and serological cross-reactivity of different HEV species provide valuable insights for the development of species-specific diagnosis and protective vaccines against zoonotic HEV infection.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551445PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2416255121DOI Listing

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