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Place-based socio-economic and racial inequities contribute to health disparities among people with HIV (PWH). We used geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) methodologies to explore the interplay between psychosocial outcomes in daily diaries and community spatial measures among PWH in New Orleans. PWH (N = 69) were recruited from a clinic-based cohort study. Micro-longitudinal data were collected via smartphone-based daily diaries and geospatial tracking over 14 days. First, correlations were run between diary derived outcomes (e.g., feeling safe in current location, stress), and spatial measures (e.g., violent crime, alcohol outlets, and vacant lots) within a half-mile buffer around each diary point to understand the real time associations between mood and space. Next, we fit multilevel models, controlling for between-person effects, to assess within-person associations between accumulative spatial daily violence exposure (50m, 100m and 200m buffers), and measures of daily mood and coping. Violent crime, alcohol outlets and vacant lots were inversely correlated with feeling safe and positively correlated with perceived ease of obtaining drugs. Vacant lots were positively associated with stress and inversely correlated with positive mood. Within individuals, higher daily accumulated violence exposure was associated with increased rumination at the 50m buffer level, decreased trust in oneself and others at the 100m buffer, and decreased ratio of positive/negative mood at all buffers. Our results emphasize the intricate interplay between mental wellness, coping mechanisms, and spatial measures in PWH. Future research and interventions for PWH should consider how spatial factors may influence PWH in terms of mental health and care engagement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04527-4 | DOI Listing |
J Appl Clin Med Phys
December 2024
Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Background: For the development and validation of dynamic treatment modalities and processes on the MR-linac, independent measurements should be performed that validate dose delivery and linac behavior at a high temporal resolution. To achieve this, a detector with both high temporal and spatial resolution is necessary.
Purpose: This study investigates the suitability of a Delta4 Phantom+ MR (Delta4) detector array for time-resolved dosimetry in the 1.
Front Med (Lausanne)
December 2024
Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Purpose: Changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) are proposed to predict myopia development but evidence is mixed. We investigated time courses of choroidal responses, following different types of dynamic artificial stimulation in chicks with and without spectacle lenses, as well as changes in retinal dopamine metabolism and expression of candidate genes.
Methods: Chicks were kept in an arena surrounded by computer monitors presenting dynamic checkerboard fields of small, medium and large size.
Evol Appl
December 2024
Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198-Evo-Eco-Paleo Lille France.
The effective population size ( ) is a key parameter in conservation and evolutionary biology, reflecting the strength of genetic drift and inbreeding. Although demographic estimations of are logistically and time-consuming, genetic methods have become more widely used due to increasing data availability. Nonetheless, accurately estimating remains challenging, with few studies comparing estimates across molecular markers types and estimators such as single-sample methods based on linkage disequilibrium or sibship analyses versus methods based on temporal variance in allele frequencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
December 2024
Deparment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Introduction: There are limited data regarding the associations between public transportation reliance, availability, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)-related amputations.
Research Design And Methods: We used visit-level data from the Georgia 2016-2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database and obtained transportation variables from open sources. Using Bayesian spatial-temporal models, we assessed the associations between transportation and DFU-related amputations within each quartile of poverty status indicators at the ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level.
BMJ Open
December 2024
School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of hepatitis C and its influencing factors in Chongqing, providing a scientific basis for the relevant departments to formulate targeted preventive measures for the high prevalence of hepatitis C in the region and population.
Design: We collected data on hepatitis C cases in Chongqing (located in the southwest of China) from 2014 to 2020, and analysed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hepatitis C incidence in different populations and identified factors that might influence the incidence of hepatitis C by constructing a Bayesian spatiotemporal model.
Settings: The study subjects included clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases of hepatitis C with current address in Chongqing and onset date between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020.
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