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Synergistic Interactions among Vacuum, Solar Heating, and UV Irradiation Enhance the Lethality of Interplanetary Space. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • A Planetary Atmospheric Chamber (PAC) was used to simulate interplanetary conditions to test how well three species of spores survive under vacuum, heat, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.
  • The study found that when vacuum, heat, and UV were combined, they increased the lethality of the conditions for the spores, especially with all factors present simultaneously for shorter time frames.
  • The findings suggest that spacecraft like the Europa Clipper could reach very high Sterility Assurance Levels (SALs) during their journey, indicating effective reduction of microbial contamination on external surfaces exposed to these harsh conditions.

Article Abstract

A Planetary Atmospheric Chamber (PAC) was used to create simulations of interplanetary conditions to test the spore survival of three spp. exposed to interacting conditions of vacuum (VAC), simulated solar heating (HEAT), and simulated solar ultraviolet irradiation (UV). Synergism was observed among the experimental factors for all three spp. tested that suggested the increased lethality of HEAT and UV when concomitantly exposed to VAC. The most aggressive biocidal effects were observed for assays with VAC + HEAT + UV conditions run simultaneously over short time-steps. The results were used to predict the accumulation of extremely rapid Sterility Assurance Levels (SALs; def., -12 logs of bioburden reduction) measured in a few minutes to a few hours for external surfaces of interplanetary spacecraft. Furthermore, the results were extrapolated to predict that approx. 1 × 10 SAL exposures might be accumulated for external surfaces on the Europa Clipper spacecraft during a 3.5-year transit time between Venus (0.7 AU) and Mars (1.5 AU) during a series of Venus-Earth-Earth gravity assists (VEEGA trajectory) to Jovian space. The results are applicable to external spacecraft surfaces exposed to direct solar heating and UV irradiation during transits though the inner solar system.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509831PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101976DOI Listing

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