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Linking Microbiota Profiles to Disease Characterization in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: The Case of Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by low immunoglobulin levels and recurrent infections; up to 30% of patients experience granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) as a non-infectious complication.
  • A study analyzed the microbiomes of salivary, sputum, and fecal samples from CVID patients with GLILD and compared them to those without GLILD and healthy controls, revealing lower biodiversity in GLILD patients.
  • The findings suggest significant alterations in the microbiome of GLILD patients that may be linked to both local and systemic immune dysregulation, highlighting a potential relationship between these microbiome changes and the disease.

Article Abstract

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by decreased immunoglobulins and recurrent infections, with non-infectious complications such as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) affecting up to 30% of patients. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, salivary, sputum, and fecal microbiome from CVID patients with GLILD, comparing them to CVID patients without GLILD-with immune dysregulation (dCVID) and only infections (iCVID)-and healthy controls was analyzed. A total of 41 CVID patients, 7 with GLILD, and 15 healthy donors were included. Global fecal biodiversity was significantly lower in GLILD patients compared to CVID subgroups and controls. GLILD patients harbored different specific bacterial communities in all niches, with some keystone species common to dCVID. , , and are more frequent in the sputum of GLILD patients. Saliva in GLILD shows higher frequencies of and . Fecal samples from GLILD patients have higher levels of , , and . A non-assigned spp. is consistently associated with GLILD across different niches and could be a potential pathobiont or relevant microbiological marker for GLILD. Cluster network and correlation analyses show profound dysbiosis in the sputum, saliva, and feces of GLILD patients. These findings highlight significant microbiome alterations in CVID patients with GLILD, particularly in the respiratory tract, suggesting a possible link to both local and systemic immune dysregulation.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505043PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102239DOI Listing

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