Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Browning in Callus through Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

Int J Mol Sci

Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates the browning of callus in the camellia plant, focusing on its regeneration and genetic transformation issues linked to this browning process.
  • Using histological staining, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, the research identifies cellular changes, particularly lignification and polyphenol accumulation, in brown callus cells.
  • Findings highlight that the regulation of callus browning involves both metabolic changes (like the increase of flavonoids) and differences in gene expression, suggesting key factors for managing callus browning in Camellia hainanensis.

Article Abstract

is one of the camellia plants distributed in tropical regions, and its regeneration system and genetic transformation are affected by callus browning. However, the underlying mechanism of callus browning formation remains largely unknown. To investigate the metabolic basis and molecular mechanism of the callus browning of , histological staining, high-throughput metabolomics, and transcriptomic assays were performed on calli with different browning degrees (T1, T2, and T3). The results of histological staining revealed that the brown callus cells had obvious lignification and accumulation of polyphenols. Widely targeted metabolomics revealed 1190 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), with 53 DAMs annotated as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. Comparative transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the T2 vs. T1 associated with the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids and transcription factors in . Among them, forty-four enzyme genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were identified, including (), (), via (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), and (). Related transcription factors , (), and genes also presented different expression patterns in T2 vs. T1. These results indicate that the browning of calli in is regulated at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The oxidation of flavonoids and the regulation of related structural genes and transcription factors are crucial decisive factors. This study preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism of the browning of the callus of Camellia hainanensis, and the results can provide a reference for the anti-browning culture of callus.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507271PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011021DOI Listing

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