AI Article Synopsis

  • Isolation by distance and geographic boundaries have shaped the population genetic structure of harbour porpoises along the Pacific coast, with a focus on Alaska where recent research used both tissue and environmental DNA (eDNA) samples to fill gaps in previous studies.* -
  • The study found limited genetic differentiation among harbour porpoise populations based on nuclear SNP data, but mtDNA analysis revealed significant structuring, especially between the Gulf of Alaska and the eastern Bering Sea, suggesting restricted gene flow and potential natal site fidelity.* -
  • The targeted eDNA sampling in Southeast Alaska significantly enhanced the genetic dataset, indicating a population boundary within the recognized Southeast Alaska Stock, which is vital for informing conservation efforts and mitigating fisheries conflicts.*

Article Abstract

Isolation by distance and biogeographical boundaries define patterns of population genetic structure for harbour porpoise along the Pacific coast from California to British Columbia. Until recently, inadequate sample sizes in many regions constrained efforts to characterise population genetic structure throughout the coastal waters of Alaska. Here, tissue samples from beachcast strandings and fisheries bycatch were supplemented with targeted environmental DNA (eDNA) samples in key regions of Alaska coastal and inland waters. Using a geographically explicit, hierarchical approach, we examined the genetic structure of Alaska harbour porpoises, using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data and multilocus SNP genotypes. Despite a lack of evidence of genetic differentiation from nuclear SNP loci, patterns of relatedness and genetic differentiation from mtDNA suggest natal philopatry at multiple geographic scales, with limited gene flow among sites possibly mediated by male dispersal. A priori clustering of sampled areas at an intermediate scale (eastern and western Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska and Southeast Alaska) best explained the genetic variance (12.37%) among regions. In addition, mtDNA differentiation between the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea, and among regions within the Gulf of Alaska, indicated significant genetic structuring of harbour porpoise populations in Southeast Alaska. The targeted collection of eDNA samples from strata within Southeast Alaska was key for elevating the statistical power of our mtDNA dataset, and findings indicate limited dispersal between neighbouring strata within coastal and inland waters. These results provide evidence supporting a population boundary within the currently recognised Southeast Alaska Stock. Together, these findings will prove useful for ongoing management efforts to reduce fisheries conflict and conserve genetic diversity in this iconic coastal species.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.17563DOI Listing

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