Sulfonated hierarchical H-ZSM-5 monoliths were synthesized ice-templating as solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production. Characterization confirmed successful -SO group grafting, increasing acid density. The catalysts achieved over 90% conversion of oleic acid in esterification, with easy recovery and reuse, and the relationship between porosity and acid density was explored.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4cc05044d | DOI Listing |
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