Objective: Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) for air pollutant mixtures are challenging because risk estimates are primarily derived from single-pollutant models. Combining risk estimates from multiple pollutants requires new approaches, as a simple addition of single pollutant risk estimates from correlated air pollutants may result in double counting. We investigated approaches applying concentration-response functions (CRFs) from single- and two-pollutant models in HIAs, focusing on long-term exposure to particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) and their associations with all-cause mortality.
Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified cohort studies employing single- and two-pollutant models of long-term exposure to PM and NO with all-cause mortality. Pooled CRFs were calculated through random-effects meta-analyses of risk estimates from single- and two-pollutant models. Coefficient differences were calculated by comparing single- and two-pollutant model estimates. Four approaches to estimating population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were compared: PM or NO single-pollutant models to represent the mixture, the sum of single-pollutant models, the sum of two-pollutant models and the sum of single-pollutant models from a larger body of evidence adjusted by coefficient difference.
Results: Seventeen papers reported both single and two-pollutant estimates. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality from single- and two-pollutant models were 1.053 (95% confidence interval: 1.034-1.071) and 1.035 (1.014-1.057), respectively, for a 5 μg/m increase in PM. HRs for a 10 μg/m increase in NO were 1.032 (1.014-1.049) and 1.024 (1.000-1.049) for single- and two-pollutant models, respectively. The average coefficient difference between single- and two-pollutant models was 0.017 for PM and 0.007 for NO. Combined PAFs for the PM-NO mixture using joint HRs from single- and two-pollutant model CRFs were 0.09 and 0.06, respectively.
Conclusion: Utilizing CRFs from two-pollutant models or applying the coefficient difference to a more extensive evidence base seems to mitigate the potential overestimation of mixture health impacts from adding single-pollutant CRFs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.120215 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Neonatology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
The growing fetus is very sensitive to environmental conditions. There is limited and conflicting evidence about the short-term effects of exposure to air pollutants on the pregnancy outcome. In this time-stratified case-crossover study, the effect of several air pollutants (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Ecotechnol
January 2025
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
Depression is a leading mental health disorder worldwide, contributing substantially to the global disease burden. While emerging evidence suggests links between specific air pollutants and depression, the potential interactions among multiple pollutants remain underexplored. Here we show the influence of six common air pollutants on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
December 2024
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Objective: Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) for air pollutant mixtures are challenging because risk estimates are primarily derived from single-pollutant models. Combining risk estimates from multiple pollutants requires new approaches, as a simple addition of single pollutant risk estimates from correlated air pollutants may result in double counting. We investigated approaches applying concentration-response functions (CRFs) from single- and two-pollutant models in HIAs, focusing on long-term exposure to particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Reprod Open
September 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Study Question: Does exposure to a mixture of ambient air pollutants during specific exposure periods influence clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF/ICSI-embryo transfer (ET) cycles?
Summary Answer: The specific exposure period from ET to the serum hCG test was identified as a critical exposure window as exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO) or a combination of air pollutants was associated with a decreased likelihood of clinical pregnancy.
What Is Known Already: Exposure to a single pollutant may impact pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART. However, in daily life, individuals often encounter mixed pollution, and limited research exists on the effects of mixed air pollutants and the specific exposure periods.
Lancet Planet Health
September 2024
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Background: Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (such as PM and PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO), has been linked to increases in mortality. Whether populations' vulnerability to these pollutants has changed over time is unclear, and studies on this topic do not include multicountry analysis. We evaluated whether changes in exposure to air pollutants were associated with changes in mortality effect estimates over time.
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