[Promoting peace in the healthcare sector. What obstacles to overcome?].

Modern military strategies, armaments and technologies imply that every war today has a deleterious impact on all determinants of health, with direct and indirect effects that cause physical, mental and social suffering of the exposed population, that extends far beyond the duration of the conflict. The promotion of peace and the prevention of war is therefore clearly one of the professional tasks of health professionals, at least as much as the prevention of other public health risks. Nevertheless, peace promotion and anti-war activities are struggling to take off and spread in the health sector. The article examines two possible factors that stand as obstacles between the realisation of the evil of war, shared by all, and the actual commitment to disarmament and peace, practised by a few. The first of these obstacles is the divergence of views on the methods to choose to prevent conflict. Nonviolence and disarmament or military deterrence? The hypothesis discussed is that the deterrence theory still enjoys a certain credibility even in the medical scientific world although it is far from being an evidence-based strategy. The second obstacle examined is the fear of professionals and their associations of being accused of 'playing politics'. Since war is always a public health catastrophe, when health professionals oppose war, they are only doing their job. However, it is undoubtedly true that preventing war also involves political choices, but this is the case in every other area of public health, which without the use of political and regulatory instruments could not fulfil its task. Lastly, a concrete example of an intervention to promote peace is presented, promoted by several Italian scientific societies in the health field who have succeeded in drawing up a joint declaration in favour of peace and against war, open for subscription also by other scientific societies, journals, associations and foundations in the health sector.