A UK survey of young people's views on condom removal during sex.

Introduction: Non-consensual condom removal (NCCR) refers to the act of removing a condom during sex without the other person's permission. It poses physical and psychological risks to women's health. Views and attitudes regarding this sexual practice are not well understood in the UK. This study aimed to explore young people's views on the morality and criminality of NCCR and how their views are affected by negative health outcomes, relationship status, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods: A quantitative online survey of people aged 18-25 living in the UK was conducted. The survey consisted of two NCCR scenarios, varied by health outcome and relationship status, followed by questions about the morality and criminality of NCCR and respondents' socio-demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis included Chi-square testing and logistic regression modelling.

Results: Most of the 1729 respondents considered NCCR to be a violation of consent to sex (97.4%-98.1%), to be wrong (99.3%-99.5%), and to be sexual assault (86.3%-89.2%). Respondents were more likely to support prison time for NCCR if the victim got pregnant (52.1%) (rather than depressed (41.6%)) or was part of a casual hook-up (53.9%) (as opposed to a long-term dating relationship (47.2%). Respondents who were female or non-heterosexual were more likely to view NCCR as sexual assault and support prison as a penalty for NCCR.

Conclusion: The majority of young UK adults in this survey considered condom removal during sex without the other person's permission to be a violation of consent, morally wrong, and a form of sexual assault. Support for prison as a penalty was lower. These findings can inform future campaigns on consent in sexual relationships and legislation to provide support for women affected by NCCR.