To reuse red mud and slag wastes as raw materials, a green type of porous spherical red mud/slag-based geopolymer (RSG) was synthesized by utilizing suspension curing and foaming techniques. Because methylene blue (MB) and nickel ion (Ni) were common and difficult to treat in wastewater, the adsorption characteristics of MB and Ni, as well as the phase and microstructure of the porous RSG spheres prior to and after adsorption, were thoroughly investigated. The porous RSG spheres showed a stable and mesoporous structure with a BET surface area of 31.36 m/g. The spheres achieved the maximum removal efficiencies of 99.81% (MB) and 99.01% (Ni) at dosages of 16 and 10 g/L, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model could match the adsorption data of these spheres, with predicted maximum adsorption capacity () values of 19.88 mg/g for MB and 12.39 mg/g for Ni, respectively. After three adsorption-desorption cycles, porous RSG spheres demonstrated good recycling capability with removal efficiencies of 98.10% (MB) and 54.60% (Ni). The spheres were also effective in adsorbing additional dyes (methyl orange (MO), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG)) and heavy metal ions (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu). The spheres have potential use in water treatment.
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