In the present work, we addressed the relationship between parental leave policies and social norms. Using a pre-registered, cross-national approach, we examined the relationship between parental leave policies and the perception of social norms for the gender division of childcare. In this study, 19,259 students (11,924 women) from 48 countries indicated the degree to which they believe childcare is (descriptive norm) and should be (prescriptive norm) equally divided among mothers and fathers. Policies were primarily operationalized as the existence of parental leave options in the respective country. The descriptive and prescriptive norms of equal division of childcare were stronger when parental leave was available in a country - also when controlling for potential confounding variables. Moreover, analyses of time since policy change suggested that policy change may initially affect prescriptive norms and then descriptive norms at a later point. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, drawing causal inferences is difficult.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12806 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Perioper Med
December 2024
Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Background: Qualitative experience data can inform health care providers how to best support families during pediatric postoperative recovery. Patient experience data can also provide actionable information to guide health care quality improvement; positive feedback can confirm the efficacy of current practices and systems, while negative comments can identify areas for improvement.
Objective: This study aimed to understand families' perspectives regarding their children's surgical recovery using qualitative patient experience data (free-text comments) from a prospective cohort study conducted within a larger study developing a postoperative-outcome risk stratification model.
Ig Sanita Pubbl
December 2024
Administrative Professional Collaborator in the Statistical Sector, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale, Fermo, Italy.
Introduction: One of today's main issues is balancing work and family life, which significantly impacts the socio-economic and working conditions of the population. Since the last century, support for parenthood has been at the center of legislative attention both in Italy and Europe. The Italian Constitution of 1948 began addressing the shift from the woman's exclusively domestic role, promoting female workforce integration from the 1950s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfant Ment Health J
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Center for Early Intervention and Family Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Parents serve as the primary informants about infant development, wherefore interparent agreement is essential for facilitating timely identification of children at risk. We studied interparent agreement about infant socioemotional adjustment among 323 mothers and fathers/co-parents of 11-month-old infants living in Denmark using The Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2). Agreement was assessed through correlation, mean differences, and agreement on different risk levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
November 2024
Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Antropología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:
Infertility is often thought of as a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. However, as fertility rates rapidly decline worldwide, we observe that the inability to conceive and have children stems not only from anatomical, physiological, or genetic conditions within the body but also from social, structural, and environmental conditions in society. Drawing on a wide array of international and interdisciplinary scholarship, this article rethinks infertility by focusing on the social, structural, and environmental conditions hindering the ability of individuals and couples to have children and become parents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA A Pract
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Despite advancements in gender representation, female anesthesiologists continue to encounter challenges in career advancement that may be further impacted by motherhood. This scoping review examines personal and systemic barriers and facilitators to career advancement for anesthesiologists facing infertility, pregnancy, and childcare. The review identified 22 relevant studies across five themes: the timing of pregnancy and parental leave, breastfeeding and lactation needs, childcare and gender norms, job reentry and career advancement opportunities, and work-life balance and physician well-being.
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