Interferon gamma-gaillardin nanocomplex formation with improved anti-melanoma effects.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of IFN-γ-Gaillardin nanoparticles (NPs) using a combination of computational, biophysical and cell-based approaches. The molecular docking analysis revealed that both hydrogen and hydrophobic forces are involved in the formation of IFN-γ-Gaillardin complex The interaction between IFN-γ and Gaillardin was further characterized by a pronounced ANS fluorescence spectrum peak and a higher intensity for IFN-γ. The Langmuir, Scatchard, and Hill analyses revealed a higher affinity and lower dissociation constant for IFN-γ NPs compared to IFN-γ alone, suggesting enhanced complex stability. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed that the Gaillardin interaction might improve the thermal stability of the NPs. The NPs demonstrated robust stability in various media, highlighting their potential as a delivery system. However, size increase in deionized water suggests the need for formulation optimization. Cell-based assays revealed selective cytotoxicity towards A-375 melanoma cancer cells with minimal impact on non-cancerous HaCaT cells, indicating targeted antitumor effects. Real-time PCR showed gene expression changes consistent with antitumor activity and immune response modulation. The findings suggest that IFN-γ-Gaillardin NPs have potent antitumor properties and the ability to modulate the immune system, warranting further investigation into their therapeutic applications. The development of an IFN-γ-based nanocarrier system for Gaillardin delivery offers a promising approach to melanoma therapy, setting a new direction for NP-based cancer treatment strategies.