Background: Clostridioides difficile has been recognized as an emerging pathogen in both humans and animals. In this context, antimicrobial resistance plays a major role in driving the spread of this disease, often leading to therapeutic failure. Moreover, recent increases in community-acquired C. difficile infections have led to greater numbers of investigations into the animal origin of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic similarities between 23 environmental and animal isolates by using whole-genome sequencing and to determine antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in toxigenic C. difficile strains to provide important data for the development of diagnostic methods or treatment guidelines.
Results: The most common sequence type was ST11 (87%), followed by ST2 (9%) and ST19 (4%). In addition, 86.95% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance, with antimicrobial resistance to mainly aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and B-lactams; nevertheless, one strain also carried other resistance genes that conferred resistance to lincosamide, macrolides, streptogramin a, streptogramin b, pleuromutilin, oxazolidinone and amphenicol. In addition, a wide range of virulence factor genes, such as those encoding adherence factors, exoenzymes and toxins, were found. However, we observed variations between toxinotypes, ribotypes and sequence types.
Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated significant genetic similarity between ST11 strains isolated from environmental sampling and from animal origin; these strains may represent a reservoir for community-acquired C. difficile infection, which is becoming a growing public health threat due to the development of multridug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the number of virulence factors detected.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04332-0 | DOI Listing |
BMC Microbiol
January 2025
Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic.
Background: Gastrointestinal diseases in weaned piglets are a frequent cause of high morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs. The use of antibiotics is problematic due to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations, for which reason the use of suitable probiotics is highly recommended to maintain animal health and welfare.
Results: In this study, 57 strains of biologically safe lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria originating from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs were identified and characterized in terms of their probiotic properties for potential use in weaned piglets.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental factors, sexual selection, and genetic variation on skull morphology by examining the skull structure of the European bison, a species at risk of extinction, and comparing it to other bovid species. The skull of the European bison was significantly bigger than that of other species of the tribe Bovini, and the results revealed considerable morphological differences in skull shape compared to other Bovini samples. The bison skull exhibited a broader shape in the frontal region and a more laterally oriented cornual process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycopathologia
January 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Trichophyton indotineae, first identified in India, has increasingly been reported in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and recently in the USA. The global spread of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae underscores the urgency of the issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Trop
January 2025
Dept. of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Italy. Electronic address:
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to regions of Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia, with increasing reports of cases in southern Europe. Human transmission occurs primarily through the bite of infected ticks and by body fluids from infected human. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) affects a broad host range, including both domestic and wild vertebrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
January 2025
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Austria; BOKU University, Vienna, Dept. IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Tulln, Austria.
Background: Untargeted metabolomics requires robust and reliable strategies for data processing to extract relevant information form the underlying raw data. Multiple platforms for data processing are available, but the choice of software tool can have an impact on the analysis. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of four workflows based on commonly used metabolomics software tools: XCMS, Compound Discoverer, MS-DIAL, and MZmine.
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