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Deep Mouse Brain Two-Photon Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector Array. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Two-photon microscopy (2PM) is a key technique in biology for examining intact tissues, but imaging depth is usually restricted to 600-800 μm due to scattering in adult mammalian tissues like mouse brains.
  • * Researchers aimed to enhance imaging depth by utilizing shortwave near-infrared (SWIR) light, which has faced challenges due to the lack of suitable detectors and probes.
  • * This study introduces a new array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that, combined with specific fluorescent dyes, enables imaging depths greater than 1.1 mm in mouse brains, representing a significant advancement in deep tissue imaging technology.

Article Abstract

Two-photon microscopy (2PM) has become an important tool in biology to study the structure and function of intact tissues . However, adult mammalian tissues such as the mouse brain are highly scattering, thereby putting fundamental limits on the achievable imaging depth, which typically reside at around 600-800 μm. In principle, shifting both the excitation as well as (fluorescence) emission light to the shortwave near-infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) region promises substantially deeper imaging in 2PM, yet this shift has proven challenging in the past due to the limited availability of detectors and probes in this wavelength region. To overcome these limitations and fully capitalize on the SWIR region, in this work, we introduce a novel array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and associated custom detection electronics for use in near-infrared 2PM. The SNSPD array exhibits high efficiency and dynamic range as well as low dark-count rates over a wide wavelength range. Additionally, the electronics and software permit a seamless integration into typical 2PM systems. Together with an organic fluorescent dye emitting at 1105 nm, we report imaging depth of >1.1 mm in the in vivo mouse brain, limited mostly by available labeling density and laser properties. Our work establishes a promising, and ultimately scalable, new detector technology for SWIR 2PM that facilitates deep tissue biological imaging.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487655PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00111DOI Listing

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