Effect of amikacin-humic acid combination on biofilm: an and study.

(AB) is a clinically important bacterial pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections. The biofilm-forming capability of these pathogens reduces the antibiotic penetration and its efficacy, thereby complicating the treatment. The current work aims to isolate the most potent biofilm-forming species from clinical isolates of the patient samples and to evaluate the efficacy of the amikacin-humic acid combination against it. The combination effect of Amikacin-Humic (AMK-HUM) acid against the highest biofilm-producing SLMK001 was studied via - (microscopic analysis) and - (Network Pharmacology) analysis. The amikacin-humic acid combination significantly inhibited both the biofilm formation and cell viability of SLMK001. The images observed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed a significant decrease in the biofilm matrix. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) confirmed a reduction of the Z value of its three-dimensional structure. Further, the Network Pharmacology approach supported these experimental findings by identifying the key targets of the amikacin-humic acid combination against the biofilm pathways of . The results aligned with the findings, indicating that the AMK-HUM combination is a promising treatment that significantly activates the key proteins against biofilm formation and pathogenesis.