Hippo cooperates with p53 to regulate lung airway mucous cell metaplasia.

Airway mucous cell metaplasia is a significant feature of many chronic airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, we employed in vivo mouse genetic models to demonstrate that Hippo and p53 (encoded by Trp53) cooperate to modulate the differentiation of club cells into goblet cells. We revealed that ablation of Mst1 (Stk4) and Mst2 (Stk3), encoding the core components of Hippo signaling, significantly reduces mucous metaplasia in the lung airways in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation murine model while promoting club cell proliferation in a Yap (Yap1)-dependent manner. Additionally, we showed that deleting Mst1/2 is sufficient to suppress p53 deficiency-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed downregulation of YAP and p53 signaling in goblet cells in human airways. These findings underscore the important role of Hippo and p53 signaling in regulating airway mucous metaplasia.