Background: Epidemiology cohorts reveal associations between levels or intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the results of randomized clinical trials have been inconsistent.
Objective: A systematic review was performed to understand the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognition in adults. The objective was to present suggestions for new study designs to translate epidemiological findings into effective clinical trials.
Methods: A database search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science to retrieve articles published between 2000 and 2023 that evaluated the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive function. Subsequently, the search results were filtered to collect randomized controlled trials with 100 or more participants, n-3 PUFA supplementation was one of the interventions, cognition was an outcome of interest, and participants were at least 18 years of age.
Results: A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. In 5 of the 24 studies reviewed, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs improved cognition. All four trials in persons with AD reported null outcomes. Most of the n-3 PUFA studies in cognitively normal individuals or participants with mild cognitive impairment were null, not powered to detect small effect sizes, or selected participants without dementia risk factors.
Conclusions: We recommend that newer n-3 PUFA supplement trials targeting AD prevention be personalized. For the general population, the null hypothesis appears to be correct, and future interventions are needed to identify and test dietary patterns that include PUFA-rich food rather than supplements.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-231467 | DOI Listing |
Curr Nutr Rep
January 2025
Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Purpose Of The Review: Mounting evidence indicates that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face a heightened risk of severe outcomes upon contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current medications for COVID-19 often carry side effects, necessitating alternative therapies with improved tolerance. This review explores the biological mechanisms rendering COPD patients more susceptible to severe COVID-19 and investigates the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in mitigating the severity of COVID-19 in COPD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Funct
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
This study explores the therapeutic potential of ω-3 algal oil (rich in DHA) and ω-7 sea buckthorn oil (rich in palmitoleic acid) in addressing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders. These oils regulate lipid metabolism through the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 signaling pathway, reducing cholesterol accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice, supplementation with these oils significantly improved lipid profiles, alleviated hepatic steatosis, and promoted cardiovascular health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med Res
December 2024
Nephrology, Southern Illinois Health, Carbondale, IL, USA.
Long-term survival has improved in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) due to effective surgical techniques and anti-rejection therapies. Chronic immunosuppression associated with it has led to several types of skin cancers leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Structured patient education including sun protective behaviors, regular dermatological surveillance, nicotinamide, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), early switch to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORis), combining them with low-dose calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), can decrease the cancer risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabol Open
March 2025
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece.
Introduction: The increasing adoption of strict vegetarian diets during pregnancy has raised concerns about their effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of strict vegetarian diets on key pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders, and gestational weight gain (GWG).
Methods: A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases yielded eight studies from various countries, involving a total of 72,284 participants.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle)
December 2024
Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Purpose: Women in the decade before menopause are at risk for depression. This study describes dietary factors associated with depression risk in late premenopausal women that could be modifiable with targeted interventions.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study comparing a community-based sample of 342 healthy premenopausal women categorized as low-risk and high-risk for depression in a secondary analysis of dietary variables.
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