AI Article Synopsis
- - Erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell formation, is influenced by numerous genes that are regulated not only by transcription but also by epigenetic factors like microRNAs (miRNAs), essential for both normal functioning and various blood disorders.
- - Specific miRNAs regulate the stages of erythropoiesis and have been linked to hematological diseases, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in conditions such as anemia, β-thalassemia, and leukemia, with some showing promising results in clinical trials.
- - Despite the advances in understanding miRNAs' roles, challenges remain in effectively delivering them for therapeutic use without unwanted effects, necessitating ongoing research to improve treatment strategies.
Article Abstract
Erythropoiesis is regulated by the differential expression of many genes. Besides being transcriptionally regulated, these genes are also with the oath of epigenetic regulation by the microRNAs (miRNAs), in particular. Various miRNAs appear to be very important for the normal process of erythropoiesis and various hematological abnormalities in humans. Therefore, the review aims to summarize the significance of miRNAs in erythropoiesis and different hematological diseases with clinical importance. Our analysis indicates that specific miRNAs regulate erythropoiesis in a stage-specific manner from hematopoietic stem cells to differentiated erythrocytes. Further, many miRNAs have been reported to be linked with various hematological diseases. The importance of miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic drug targets for various hematological disorders like anemia, β-thalassemia, and leukemia has been revealed through various clinical studies and clinical trials. The miR-34a mimic and miR-155 inhibitor demonstrate promising therapeutic effects in various hematological malignancies. Additionally, miR-34a, miR-538e, miR-193e, and miR-198 exhibit diagnostic potential in acute myeloid leukemia, while miR-451, miR-151-5p, and miR-1290 show diagnostic potential in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, this review encompasses the latest observations and implications of specific miRNAs in erythropoiesis and various hematological disorders. However, challenges persist in developing safe and efficient delivery strategies to target miRNAs specifically, minimizing off-target effects and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Future mechanistic pre-clinical and clinical research would contribute to overcoming these challenges.
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