Background: Deep mycoses are serious fungal diseases commonly associated with the immunocompromised but can also present in the immunocompetent following severe exposure to fungal pathogens. Included in this group are subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections.
Objectives: Reviews highlighting skin involvement in patients with deep mycosis in the Nigerian setting are sparse in the literature. This systematic review summarized the clinical presentation, risk factors, and diagnosis of deep mycosis presenting with cutaneous manifestations in Nigerians.
Design: This was a systematic review conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Data Sources And Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and the African Journal Online database were searched from inception to February 2024 to identify published articles from Nigeria on deep mycoses with cutaneous manifestations. We included single case reports and case series on cutaneous involvement in deep fungal infections in Nigeria. Review articles, guidelines, meta-analyses, animal studies, and fungal studies not relating to the Nigerian setting were excluded.
Results: We identified 16 well-documented articles on deep cutaneous mycoses published in Nigeria over the past six decades which amounted to 137 cases; 102 (74.5%) cases were reported before the year 2000, while the remainder were published within the past two decades. The 137 cases were majorly histoplasmosis ( = 87, 63.5%) and eumycetoma ( = 19, 13.9%) and predominant risk factors, farming ( = 13, 9.5%) and diabetes mellitus ( = 3, 2.2%), The diagnosis of cases was predominantly via histopathology ( =131, 95.6%) with a few cases diagnosed by fungal culture ( = 15, 10.9%), and antigen assay ( = 1, 0.7%) respectively. Twenty-one (15.3%) were clinically diagnosed as cancers including a case of carcinoma of the skin, and one each (0.7%) as skin tuberculosis or neurofibromatosis but all histologically confirmed as deep cutaneous mycoses.
Conclusion: The decline of reports on deep cutaneous mycoses in recent times suggests neglect or a low index of suspicion from attending clinicians. This is further buttressed in the misdiagnosis of cases as other clinical entities. Ensuring a histological diagnosis of skin lesions, especially in at-risk patients will mitigate these gaps.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361241286973 | DOI Listing |
J Invest Dermatol
December 2024
Immaculate Institute of Dermatopathology and Scientific Institute of Recovery, Hospitalisation and Cure (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Research over the last decade has revealed that the normally pigmented skin of patients with vitiligo is not normal at all, as evidenced by alterations in cutaneous morphology and modifications in cellular and metabolic functions that ultimately drive immune activation against melanocytes. Furthermore, nonlesional skin is in a state of subclinical inflammation until triggered by internal and/or external exposomal events. Therefore, targeting early processes that drive immune dysregulation in normally pigmented skin may avoid or reduce melanocyte loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLupus
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Background: Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can present with one or multiple different subtypes of CLE. There is limited understanding of the prevalence and associated risk factors for having multiple CLE subtype diagnoses.
Objective: This study characterized the frequency and risk factors for having multiple CLE subtypes.
Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep
October 2024
Summary: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and renal cell cancer (RCC). HLRCC is caused by germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene on chromosome 1q42.3, encoding the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the conversion of fumarate to malate in the Krebs cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
December 2024
Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Male breast cancer represents only 1% of all breast malignancies, with ectopic breast cancer in men being even rarer and highly prone to diagnostic challenges. Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD), a rare cutaneous tumor with non-specific clinical symptoms, is susceptible to misdiagnosis. This report discusses the case of an older male patient who presented with a scrotal mass, later identified as ectopic breast invasive adenocarcinoma upon pathological examination post-lesion excision.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
Introduction: Checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly important in anti-cancer treatment. Therefore, knowledge of immune-related cutaneous adverse events (ir-cAE) is crucial for therapy management and continuation.
Objective: The study aimed to analyze the incidence of cutaneous adverse events caused by checkpoint inhibitor therapy, including their clinical presentation, management, and impact on further treatment.
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