Predicting membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor systems using viscosity: Impacts of environmental conditions and antifouling agents.

This study attempted to establish a viscosity-based prediction of membrane fouling. Various factors, including pH, temperature, MLSS concentration, and the addition of NaOCl and citric acid were identified, and their effect on sludge properties such as EPS concentration and wastewater viscosity were estimated. There was a very good correlation between these parameters with EPS concentration and viscosity. The increase in EPS concentration and viscosity significantly affected the membrane flux and filtration time for all the different experimental conditions. However, there were fluctuations in results obtained from experiments related to change in pH, including the addition of antifouling agents NaOCl and citric acid. Such variations accompanied by low correlation in these experiments indicated the influence of pH that may pose difficulty in a viscosity-based estimation of membrane fouling. However, if such large variations in operating conditions could be avoided and the reactor could be operated under optimal conditions, a much better correlation could be obtained between viscosity and membrane fouling. Data from continuously operated MBR systems support this observation, where even a linear equation defining relation between viscosity and transmembrane pressure (TMP) could be obtained. Overall, findings from this study provide a great insight into membrane fouling prediction using viscosity-based methods.