Four experimental studies are reported using a total of 712 participants to investigate the basis of a recently reported numerosity illusion called "weak-outnumber-strong" (WOS). In the weak-outnumber-strong illusion, when equal numbers of white and gray dots (e.g., 50 of each) are intermixed against a darker gray background, the gray dots seem much more numerous than the white. Two principles seem to be supported by these new results: 1) Subsets of mixtures are generally underestimated; thus, in mixtures of red and green dots, both sets are underestimated (using a matching task) just as the white dots are in the weak-outnumber-strong illusion, but 2) the gray dots seem to be filled in as if partially occluded by the brighter white dots. This second principle is supported by manipulations of depth perception both by pictorial cues (partial occlusion) and by binocular cues (stereopsis), such that the illusion is abolished when the gray dots are depicted as closer than the white dots, but remains strong when they are depicted as lying behind the white dots. Finally, an online investigation of a prior false-floor hypothesis concerning the effect suggests that manipulations of relative contrast may affect the segmentation process, which produces the visual bias known as subset underestimation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.11.14 | DOI Listing |
J Fluoresc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
This study introduces a highly sensitive and selective method for detecting caffeine in energy drinks by using red florescence iron and nitrogen co doped carbon dots (Fe-NCDs) as a florescent prob. The Fe-NCDs were synthesized by using an eco-friendly hydrothermal. Providing uniform, quasi-spherical nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
December 2024
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China. Electronic address:
Endotoxins are found in the outer membrane of all gram-negative bacteria and are a primary cause of endotoxemia, organ failure, and significant harm to human health. Limulus reagent as traditional detection method has certain limitations for the rapid and accurate detection of endotoxin due to the high costs associated with the horseshoe crab used in the sensing process. Herein, a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode biosensor was prepared for the rapid and sensitive detection of endotoxin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Chem B
December 2024
Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
Pediatr Dermatol
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Background: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is the most common form of scarring alopecia in adults. The disease may also occur in children and adolescents. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic features of pediatric LPP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe photoluminescence properties of quantum dots (QDs) are often enhanced by eliminating surface trap states through chemical methods. Alternatively, a physical approach is presented here for improving photoluminescence purity in QDs by employing frequency-specific plasmon resonance coupling. Emitter-bound plasmonic hybrids are designed by electrostatically binding negatively charged QDs in water to positively charged gold nanoparticles having a thin polymer coating.
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