The article "Was nennen wir Konstitution, Konstitutionanomalie und Konstitutionskrankheit?" [What do we call constitution, constitutional anomaly, and constitutional disease?], published in 1922 by the German pediatrician Meinhard Pfaundler, is presented in an annotated translation into Portuguese. Commissioned by Klinische Wochenschrift [Clinical Weekly], the article presents and discusses what were at the time the most recent debates and terminology concerning the "constitutional doctrine" in medicine. "Was nennen wir Konstitution..." therefore sheds theoretical and conceptual light on debates regarding the constitution in European medical circles in the interwar period.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702024000100041 | DOI Listing |
Mod Br Hist
January 2025
Graduate School of Business Administration, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan.
This article explores the significant yet underappreciated role of medical experts in consolidating the promotion of moderate drinking as a viable solution to Britain's alcohol problem during the interwar period. The country's experience with alcohol regulation in the First World War showed that widespread drunkenness could be effectively managed through policies that restricted the availability of alcohol and encouraged moderation. This realization weakened the political standing of the temperance movement, as support for alcohol prohibition and abstinence waned, leading to the liberalization of social attitudes towards drinking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Eval Clin Pract
February 2025
Centre for Health Care Management, Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Intro: The article tests the hypothesis that we can draw practical knowledge from the experience of service providers operating in the past. The research questions were formulated: can the historical example of the organization of medical care in the Polish Children's Hospital named after Karol and Maria be used as a viable example today? Is it relevant for contemporary practitioners? And do we still use the knowledge of predecessors? The authors decided to use the interwar Hospital and an operating paediatric ward of the Child-Friendly Hospital for a comparative analysis.
Methods: The model of the European Regional Office of the World Health Organization for integrated delivery of health services was adopted as the analysis framework.
Soc Hist Med
August 2024
Department of History, Politics and Philosophy, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6LL, UK.
This article explores the fundamental role of Lancashire's medical voluntarism in providing restorative orthopaedic treatments to the region's First World War, disabled ex-servicemen and assisting in their return to society. It offers a case study of orthopaedic treatments and schemes of rehabilitation provided at Grangethorpe Hospital, Rusholme, between 1914 and 1918. Forming a regional comparison to existing histories of First World War disabled ex-servicemen, which focus primarily on the interwar period, this article traces continuities in pioneering medicine and examples of Lancashire-based medical individuals and institutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Hist Med
August 2024
Department of History, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
This paper explains the coexistence of concerns about hereditary degeneration and opposition to reproductive intervention such as sterilisation in Dutch eugenic discourse during the interwar years. Based on an analysis of textbooks, periodical publications and printed lectures, I will show how eugenicists positioned themselves within the domain of public health by framing their domain of inquiry as a pivotal addition to curative medicine and sanitary reform. Dutch eugenicists rendered this symbiotic relationship conceptually plausible by combining criticism of genetic determinism and Lamarckian viewpoints on heredity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFacial Plast Surg
November 2024
Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
In the First World War (WW1), different types of injuries became both political and economic factors for the main belligerent countries. This work illustrates the special role facial injuries played during and after the war and the profound impact they had on the field of Plastic Surgery in Britain and Germany.This is a historical work based on primary and secondary sources.
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