Natural polysaccharide hydrogel with bioadhesion characters to synergistically enhance berberine's antibacterial effect by regulating the PTS system of Staphylococcus aureus.

The global spread of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) not only causes significant economic losses but also poses a serious threat to public health. Consequently, there is an urgent need for multidimensional strategies to develop antimicrobial dressings to combat bacterial infections. In response, we have developed a plant polysaccharide antibacterial hydrogel formed through the self-assembly of edible Kudzu powder (KP) and the natural star molecule berberine (BBR). Rheological tests show that natural polysaccharide KP-BBR hydrogel (BBR@KP) exhibits excellent injectability and adhesion. And the degradation of the hydrogel exceeded 90 % within 3 days. The synergistic effect of these two ingredients enhances the antibacterial activity of BBR and can increase the MIC of BBR to 0.05 mM. Specifically, KP promotes the affinity of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphotransferase System (PTS) of S. aureus, enabling KP, with its bioadhesive properties, to adhere to the bacterial surface and continuously release BBR. Subsequently, BBR effectively exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the synthesis of histidine and isoleucine. Furthermore, the BBR@KP hydrogel exhibits negligible cytotoxicity and hemolytic toxicity, underscoring its favorable biosafety profile. This synergistic natural antibacterial hydrogel, formulated through a green and straightforward methodology, not only holds promise for broad clinical applications but also provides novel perspectives for the utilization and development of plant polysaccharides in the biomedical field.