Enhancing the efficiencies of electrochemical reactions for converting renewable energy into clean chemical fuels as well as generating clean energy is critical to achieving carbon neutrality. However, this enhancement can be achieved using materials that are not constrained by resource limitations and those that can be converted into devices in a scalable manner, preferably for industrial applications. This review explores the applications of electrochemically deposited manganese dioxides (MnO) and their composites as electrochemical catalysts for oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions for converting renewable energy into chemical fuels. It also explores their applications as electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and bifunctional OER/ORR for the efficient operation of fuel cells and metal-air batteries, respectively. Manganese is the second most abundant transition metal in the Earth's crust, and electrodeposition represents a binder-free and scalable technique for fabricating devices (electrodes). To propose an improved catalyst design, the studies on the electrodeposition mechanism of MnO as well as the fabrication techniques for MnO-based nanocomposites accumulated in the development of electrodes for supercapacitors are also included in this review.
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Rate capability and electrolyte concentration: Tuning MnO supercapacitor electrodes through electrodeposition parameters.
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Article Synopsis
- The catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) to p-aminophenol (4-AP) is essential in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors, with sustainable methods being a priority.
- Using manganese dioxide (MnO) supported silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) as a catalyst for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of 4-NP with formaldehyde (HCHO) provides a safer and more efficient alternative due to lower toxicity and easy handling.
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