AI Article Synopsis

  • Obesity is a growing global health issue that significantly raises the risk of serious conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer, and cardiovascular diseases due to mechanisms like insulin resistance and hypertension.
  • The study highlights how obesity-associated nephropathy (OAN) develops through factors such as persistent inflammation and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to kidney damage and symptoms like proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  • Management approaches for OAN emphasize lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, along with pharmacological treatments targeting metabolic pathways, which can improve kidney function and help prevent progression to CKD.

Article Abstract

Obesity is a significant health concern due to its rapid increase worldwide. It has been linked to the pathogenic factors of renal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Notably, obesity raises the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to higher adult mortality and morbidity rates. This study explores the molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity-associated nephropathy and its clinical implications. Obesity-Associated Nephropathy (OAN) develops and worsens due to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which promote renal sodium reabsorption, glomerular hyperfiltration, and hypertension, leading to progressive kidney damage. Renal damage is further aggravated by persistent inflammation and redox damage, mediated by adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS) intensifies glomerular hypertension and fibrosis. These elements cause glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, and progressive kidney damage. Clinical manifestations of obesity-associated nephropathy include proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and ultimately, CKD. Management strategies currently focus on lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss through diet and exercise, which have been effective in reducing proteinuria and improving GFR. Pharmacological treatments targeting metabolic pathways, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, have shown renoprotective properties. Additionally, traditional RAAS inhibitors offer therapeutic benefits. Early detection and comprehensive management of OAN are essential to prevent its progression and lessen the burden of CKD.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0113894501314788241008115712DOI Listing

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