Transglutaminase 1: Emerging Functions beyond Skin.

Int J Mol Sci

Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Transglutaminase enzymes facilitate chemical changes in proteins, particularly involving glutamine residues, leading to various forms of protein crosslinking.
  • Transglutaminase 1 (TG1) is essential for forming a protective skin barrier by linking and stabilizing proteins in skin cells.
  • Recent research highlights TG1's emerging roles in other body tissues, including its influence on blood vessel stability and its involvement in diseases like cancer and fibrosis.

Article Abstract

Transglutaminase enzymes catalyze Ca- and thiol-dependent posttranslational modifications of glutamine-residues that include esterification, hydrolysis and transamidation, which results in covalent protein-protein crosslinking. Among the eight transglutaminase family members in mammals, transglutaminase 1 (TG1) plays a crucial role in skin barrier formation via crosslinking and insolubilizing proteins in keratinocytes. Despite this established function in skin, novel functions have begun merging in normal tissue homeostasis as well as in pathologies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure, activation, expression and activity patterns of TG1 and discusses its putative novel role in other tissues, such as in vascular integrity, and in diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476513PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910306DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

transglutaminase
4
transglutaminase emerging
4
emerging functions
4
functions skin
4
skin transglutaminase
4
transglutaminase enzymes
4
enzymes catalyze
4
catalyze ca-
4
ca- thiol-dependent
4
thiol-dependent posttranslational
4

Similar Publications

Evaluation of Bioprinted Autologous Cartilage Grafts in an Immunocompetent Rabbit Model.

Adv Ther (Weinh)

June 2024

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

The gold standard of auricular reconstruction involves manual graft assembly from autologous costal cartilage. The intervention may require multiple surgical procedures and lead to donor-site morbidity, while the outcome is highly dependent on individual surgical skills. A tissue engineering approach provides the means to produce cartilage grafts of a defined shape from autologous chondrocytes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cysteine-induced disulfide cleavage enhances the solubility of alkali-treated pea protein and its elasticity contribution in low-salt hybrid meat gels.

Food Chem

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

This study investigated the effectiveness of cysteine in improving the functional properties of pea proteins within low-salt myofibrillar protein (MP) gels. Cysteine treatment, at a concentration of 3.3 mM/g protein, cleaved 71-82 % of the disulfide bonds in native and pH-shifted pea protein isolates (PPI and PPI), which increased the solubility and hydrophobicity of PPI.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: Concurrent type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CeD) pose challenges in insulin dosage adjustments and gluten-free dietary adherence. Urine testing for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) is a new method to detect gluten exposure within the last 3-12 h. Our aims were to compare gluten-free dietary adherence between T1D + CeD and CeD individuals and evaluate urinary GIP testing in an outpatient setting.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Diamino variants of piperazine-based tissue transglutaminase inhibitors.

Bioorg Med Chem Lett

December 2024

Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Electronic address:

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that can catalyze the cross-linking between proteins, and function as a G-protein. TG2's unregulated behaviour has been associated with fibrosis, celiac disease and cancer metastasis. Recently, small molecule irreversible inhibitors have been designed, bearing an electrophilic warhead that can react with the catalytic cysteine, abolishing TG2's catalytic and G-protein capabilities.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Perforated imprinting on high moisture meat analogue confers long range mechanical anisotropy resembling meat cuts.

NPJ Sci Food

December 2024

Department of Physiology, The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.

Meat cuts, when cooked and masticated, separate into fibrous structures because of the long-range mechanical anisotropy (LMA) exhibited by muscle fascicles, which is not fully recapitulated in alternative proteins produced using molecular alignment technology like high moisture extrusion. We have developed a scalable perforated micro-imprinting technology to greatly enhance LMA in high moisture meat analogue (HMMA). By imprinting 1 mm thick HMMA sheets with perforated patterns (optimized by AI), we observed up to 5 × more anisotropic separation of fibrous structures in a one-dimensional pulling LMA analysis, to match the fibrousness of the cooked chicken breast, duck breast, pork loin and beef loin.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!