The photochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO is a promising approach for converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals (materials) and fuels. A key issue is ensuring the accuracy of experimental results in CO reduction reactions (CO2RRs) because of potential sources of false positives. This paper reports the results of investigations on various factors that may contribute to erroneous attribution of reduced-carbon species, including degradation of carbon species contained in photocatalysts, residual contaminants from synthetic procedures, laboratory glassware, environmental exposure, and the operator. The importance of rigorous experimental protocols, including the use of labeled CO and blank tests, to identify true CO reduction products (CO2RPs) accurately is highlighted. Our experimental data (eventually complemented with or compared to literature data) underline the possible sources of errors and, whenever possible, quantify the false positives with respect to the effective conversion of CO in clean conditions. This paper clarifies that the incidence of false positives is higher in the preliminary phase of photo-material development when CO2RPs are in the range of a few 10s of μg g h, reducing its importance when significant conversions of CO are performed reaching 10s of mol g h. This paper suggests procedures for improving the reliability and reproducibility of CO2RR experiments, thus validating such technologies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194758 | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Technol
January 2025
Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Humans are constantly exposed to micro- and nanosized plastics (MNPs); however, there is still limited understanding of their fate within the body, partially due to limitations with current analytical techniques. The current study assessed the appropriateness of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) analysis for the quantification of a range of polymers in human blood. An extraction protocol that reduced matrix interferences (false positives) of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was developed and validated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biopharm Stat
January 2025
Johnson and Johnson Limited, Statistical Modeling and Methodology, Statistical Decision Sciences, Raritan, USA.
During randomized controlled trials, it is critical to remain vigilant in safety monitoring. A common approach is to present information over time, such as frequency tables and graphs, when analyzing adverse events. Nevertheless, there is still a need for developing statistical methods for analyzing safety data of a dynamic nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Endocr Disord
January 2025
Burn and Wound Repair Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by dynamic wound microbiome, the timely and accurate identification of pathogens in the clinic is required to initiate precise and individualized treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been a useful supplement to routine culture method for the etiological diagnosis of DFUs. In this study, we utilized a routine culture method and mNGS to analyze the same DFU wound samples and the results were compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocrit Care
January 2025
Division of Neurocritical Care, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, MSB-2-206, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Background: The Uniform Determination of Death Act requires brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination to be in accordance with "accepted medical standards." The medical organizations responsible for delineating these guidelines are only specified statutorily in two states. State health organizations (SHOs) are composed of policy experts and medical professionals who are responsible for addressing medical, ethical, and legislative problems related to health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Orthop Trauma Surg
January 2025
IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
Introduction: Two-stage revision is considered the gold standard treatment in chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) but no specific criteria or examination exist to determine infection eradication before reimplantation. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of leukocyte scintigraphy after the first-stage procedure in two-stage revision for chronic PJI.
Material And Methods: Patients studied with leukocyte scintigraphy after cement spacer insertion for knee PJI from January 2012 to December 2021 were retrospectively included.
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