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The rhythm of horse gaits.
Ann N Y Acad Sci
December 2024
Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
What makes animal gaits so audibly rhythmic? To answer this question, we recorded the footfall sound of 19 horses and quantified the rhythmic differences in the temporal structure of three natural gaits: walk, trot, and canter. Our analyses show that each gait displays a strikingly specific rhythmic pattern and that all gaits are organized according to small-integer ratios, those found when adjacent temporal intervals are related by a mathematically simple relationship of integer numbers. Walk and trot exhibit an isochronous structure (1:1)-similar to a ticking clock-while canter is characterized by three small-integer ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLanguage aptitude is related to the anatomy of the transverse temporal gyri.
Brain Struct Funct
December 2024
Brain and Language Lab, Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Why is it that some people seem to learn new languages faster and more easily than others? The present study investigates the neuroanatomical basis of language learning aptitude, with a focus on the multiplication pattern of the transverse temporal gyrus/gyri (TTG/TTGs) of the auditory cortex. The size and multiplication pattern of the first TTG (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMusicality and social cognition in dementia: clinical and anatomical associations.
Brain Commun
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Human musicality might have co-evolved with social cognition abilities, but common neuroanatomical substrates remain largely unclear. In behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, social cognitive abilities are profoundly impaired, whereas these are typically spared in Alzheimer's disease. If musicality indeed shares a neuroanatomical basis with social cognition, it could be hypothesized that clinical and neuroanatomical associations of musicality and social cognition should differ between these causes of dementia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA professional musician with progressive visuospatial concerns: a case study and review of musical alexia.
Neurocase
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
This case report presents the story of Mr. S, a professional orchestral musician with declining musical sight-reading ability, followed by progressive visuospatial and language deficits. Our novel musical assessment battery revealed deficits in music-reading (musical alexia) and music-writing (musical agraphia), with spared auditory perception and expression.
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