Creative health in the urban Global South: barriers and facilitators in the cases of Cochabamba and Salvador.

Aims: The Global South has some of the world's largest cities, where rapid, ad hoc development of urban centres and 'megacities' has fuelled major socio-economic, environmental, and public health concerns. These urban environments can generate feelings of loneliness, with multiple barriers for access and participation in socio-cultural infrastructures. An inclusive future agenda for global creative health must, therefore, consider how urbanisation impacts social public health, what creative health approaches can do to alleviate this, and what the barriers are to access. This article explores barriers and facilitators to accessing socio-cultural urban infrastructures in two case-study cities: Salvador in Brazil and Cochabamba in Bolivia.

Methods: Data were collected as part of a survey examining access to, and engagement in, arts and cultural activities undertaken between 25 January and 1 May 2023. This article focuses on two questions: What helps you to access artistic and cultural events in your city? and What barriers do you face in accessing artistic and cultural events in your city? 239 open responses from adults, in Portuguese and Spanish, were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis.

Results: Findings highlight how emergent issues around existing economic inequality, safety, and accessibility can limit residents' capacity to engage in creative health activities. While preliminary in scope, this raises wider public health implications for how creative health approaches may be leveraged within urban, Global South contexts.

Conclusions: Findings highlight how greater dialogue is needed between the urban development, public health, and creative health sectors. Given the emerging evidence of the role of creative engagement to alleviate loneliness, integrating creative health approaches within urban public health may further strengthen connections with the most vulnerable communities, and help to build healthier cities. The article ends by outlining an approach that incorporates both local and city-wide creative encounters, highlighting how future interventions could be appropriately designed that gradually scale these types of interventions from tailored local offerings to larger, city-wide activities.