The detection, biological function, and liquid biopsy application of extracellular vesicle-associated DNA.

Biomark Res

Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny particles released by cells, containing various biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids that reflect their originating cells.
  • EVs facilitate communication between cells and can act as biomarkers for diseases, with a particular focus on DNA fragments (EV-DNA) from both the genomic and mitochondrial origins.
  • The review discusses advances in detecting EV-DNA, its potential to influence recipient cell functions, and its clinical applications as biomarkers in liquid biopsies, aiming to guide future research in this area.

Article Abstract

Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry diverse biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids reflecting their cell of origin, are released under both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs have been demonstrated to mediate cell-to-cell communication and serve as biomarkers. EV-associated DNA (EV-DNA) comprises genomic and mitochondrial DNA (i.e., gDNA and mtDNA) fragments. Some studies have revealed that EV-DNA can represent the full nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome of parental cells. Furthermore, DNA fragments loaded into EVs are stable and can be transferred to recipient cells to regulate their biological functions. In this review, we summarized and discussed EV-DNA research advances with an emphasis on EV-DNA detection at the population-EV and single-EV levels, gene transfer-associated biological functions, and clinical applications as biomarkers for disease liquid biopsy. We hope that this review will provide potential directions or guidance for future EV-DNA investigations.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476736PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-024-00661-2DOI Listing

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