The brain coordinates the homeostatic defense of multiple metabolic variables, including blood glucose levels, in the context of ever-changing external and internal environments. The biologically defended level of glycemia (BDLG) is the net result of brain modulation of insulin-dependent mechanisms in cooperation with the islet, and insulin-independent mechanisms through direct innervation and neuroendocrine control of glucose effector tissues. In this article, we highlight evidence from animal and human studies to develop a framework for the brain's core homeostatic functions-sensory/afferent, integration/processing, and motor/efferent-that contribute to the normal BDLG in health and its elevation in diabetes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579547 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi24-0001 | DOI Listing |
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