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Exploring the Maximum Potential of Initiating Ability in Metal-Free Primary Explosives.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States.
Lead azide (LA) is a widely utilized primary explosive, serving as the initiating charge in blasting caps or detonators to start the detonation process of secondary explosives. The toxicity and environmental concerns associated with LA have led to regulatory restrictions and increased scrutiny, prompting the search for lead-free alternatives. LA is highly sensitive toward heat, shock, or friction, which poses safety challenges during manufacturing, handling, and storage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnergy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis of heat storage-based single-slope solar stills integrated with solar air heater.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India.
The energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis was conducted on a solar still with and without a hybrid thermal energy storage system (TESS) and a solar air heater. The proposed solar still was modified by integrating a rectangular aluminium box filled with paraffin wax and black gravel as the TESS and coupled with a solar air heater. Paraffin wax was selected due to its widespread availability and proven effectiveness in accelerating desalination, improving process uniformity, and maintaining optimal temperature levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-acting growth hormones: innovations in treatment and guidance on patient selection in pediatric growth hormone deficiency.
Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Long-acting growth hormones (LAGHs) represent a significant advancement in the treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD), offering an alternative to daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy. Traditional rhGH treatments, while effective, require daily injections, often leading to poor adherence due to the frequency of dosing, injection pain, and difficulties with storage and travel. In contrast, LAGHs, such as somatrogon, somapacitan, and lonapegsomatropin, are designed for once-weekly administration, improving patient compliance and quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitigating CaCO crystal nucleation and growth through continuous ion displacement via alternating electric fields.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Using alternating currents (AC) can effectively prevent the formation of mineral crystals on surfaces in contact with super-saturated fluids, such as heat exchangers and pipes.
- The study demonstrates that periodic charging and discharging of the electrical double layer (EDL) on titanium sheets in super-saturated CaCO solutions inhibits both crystal nucleation and growth due to enhanced ion migration.
- Operating at 4 V and frequencies between 0.1-10 Hz results in over 96% reduction in turbidity and over 92% reduction in calcium carbonate coverage, showcasing a promising method for controlling mineral scaling in various industrial applications.
The progression of basaltic-rhyolitic melt storage at Yellowstone Caldera.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Yellowstone Caldera is one of the largest volcanic systems on Earth, hosting three major caldera-forming eruptions in the past two million years, interspersed with periods of less explosive, smaller-volume eruptions. Caldera-forming eruptions at Yellowstone are sourced by rhyolitic melts stored within the mid- to upper crust. Seismic tomography studies have suggested that a broad region of rhyolitic melt extends beneath Yellowstone Caldera, with an estimated melt volume that is one to four times greater than the eruptive volume of the largest past caldera-forming eruption, and an estimated melt fraction of 6-28 per cent.
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